| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.59 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
No presente trabalho, procedeu-se à adaptação e estudo de uma escala
epidemiológica de depressão para crianças e adolescentes: Center for Epidemiological
Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC; Weissman, Orvaschel e Padian, 1980).
A escala CES-DC foi aplicada a duas amostras distintas (N1 = 507, com idades
compreendidas entre os 9 e 17 anos, e N2 = 457, com idades entre os 8 e 14 anos), em
diferentes momentos da investigação. Foram estudadas as características psicométricas
da CES-DC, e efectuadas as devidas adaptações e reformulação de Itens. A amostra foi
recolhida em várias escolas do ensino básico e secundário, do concelho de Faro. A partir
dos resultados obtidos na segunda aplicação da CES-DC constituíram-se dois grupos de
crianças, com idades entre os 8 e os 11 anos: um grupo de crianças com pontuações
acima de 17 na CES-DC (n2 = 55), e um grupo de crianças com pontuações abaixo de
13 (n1 = 95), considerando-se como ponto de corte pontuações abaixo de 13 e acima de
17 valores, para ausência ou presença de sintomatologia depressiva, respectivamente.
As respostas foram analisadas segundo os critérios propostos por Pires (2001), para
identificação de quatro estratégias de elaboração da ansiedade na prova projectiva “Era
uma vez...” (Fagulha, 1992): Negação, Estratégia Adaptativa Operacional, Estratégia
com Equilibração Emocional e Impossibilidade. A comparação das respostas dos dois
grupos, procurou detectar diferenças entre as crianças com níveis baixos e altos de
sintomatologia depressiva; e, se possível, identificar o padrão distintivo de respostas
destas últimas.
O estudo da CES-DC permite concluir que a escala apresenta boas características
psicométricas, possibilitando a sua utilização e aplicação à população portuguesa a nível
da intervenção clínica, mas igualmente num vasto campo de investigação e pesquisa.
Relativamente aos resultados no estudo da prova “Era uma vez...”, não foi encontrado
um padrão de resposta típico para os grupos considerados. No entanto, as diferenças
encontradas ajudam ao entendimento das situações críticas mais problemáticas para as
crianças com valores altos de sintomatologia depressiva.
Apesar de apresentar algumas limitações, este estudo contribui para a
compreensão da depressão infantil, não só em termos epidemiológicos e portanto
profiláticos e preventivos, mas também a nível de uma compreensão mais profunda e
holística da perturbação depressiva em crianças e adolescentes. Relativamente ao “Era
uma vez...”, permanece em aberto um vasto e promissório campo de investigação,
dando continuidade ao estudo de aspectos e potencialidades da prova não analisados.
In this study, we carried out the analysis and adaptation o f an epidemiological scale o f depression for children and adolescents: the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC; Weissman, Orvaschel e Padian, 1980). The CES-DC was applied to two different samples (N/ = 507, with a range of 9 to 17 years o f age, and N2 = 457, with a range o f 8 to 14 years), at different moments of time. Based on the first testing, the psychometric characteristics o f the scale were studied and the scale was adapted and reformulated. Results obtained in the second application o f the CES-DC were used to constitute two groups o f children, ranging in age from 8 to 11 years. Low-level depressive symptomatology was defined as CES-DC scores less than 13 (n/ = 95); high-level depressive symptomatology, greater than 17 («2 = 55). The “Once-upon-a-time...” projective technique (Fagulha, 1992) was applied to these two groups. Responses were analysed using the criteria proposed by Pires (2001), to identify four anxiety elaboration strategies: Negation, Operational Adaptive Strategy, Emotional Equilibration Strategy and Impossibility. Comparisons were made in an attempt to understand differences between low and high-depressive symptomatology groups and, if possible to identify any patterns in the high-depressive symptomatology group. The psychometric characteristics of the scale CES-DC were considered good. The CES-DC is a useful instrument in the assessment of depression in children and adolescents. It is recommended for use in the Portuguese population both for research and clinical applications. Although results obtained from the “Once-upon-a-time...” technique did not distinguish typical patterns of response in either group, the technique contributes to our understanding of how children with higher levels of depressive symptoms deal with stressful situations and life events. This study, in spite of some limitations, contributes to our knowledge of childhood depression, not only in questions of epidemiology and preventive interventions, but also to a deeper, holistic comprehension of depression in children and adolescents. As to the “Once-upon-a-time...” technique, it his our belief that it holds great promise, and its potentialities should be examined in future studies by a more profound analysis of that technique.
In this study, we carried out the analysis and adaptation o f an epidemiological scale o f depression for children and adolescents: the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC; Weissman, Orvaschel e Padian, 1980). The CES-DC was applied to two different samples (N/ = 507, with a range of 9 to 17 years o f age, and N2 = 457, with a range o f 8 to 14 years), at different moments of time. Based on the first testing, the psychometric characteristics o f the scale were studied and the scale was adapted and reformulated. Results obtained in the second application o f the CES-DC were used to constitute two groups o f children, ranging in age from 8 to 11 years. Low-level depressive symptomatology was defined as CES-DC scores less than 13 (n/ = 95); high-level depressive symptomatology, greater than 17 («2 = 55). The “Once-upon-a-time...” projective technique (Fagulha, 1992) was applied to these two groups. Responses were analysed using the criteria proposed by Pires (2001), to identify four anxiety elaboration strategies: Negation, Operational Adaptive Strategy, Emotional Equilibration Strategy and Impossibility. Comparisons were made in an attempt to understand differences between low and high-depressive symptomatology groups and, if possible to identify any patterns in the high-depressive symptomatology group. The psychometric characteristics of the scale CES-DC were considered good. The CES-DC is a useful instrument in the assessment of depression in children and adolescents. It is recommended for use in the Portuguese population both for research and clinical applications. Although results obtained from the “Once-upon-a-time...” technique did not distinguish typical patterns of response in either group, the technique contributes to our understanding of how children with higher levels of depressive symptoms deal with stressful situations and life events. This study, in spite of some limitations, contributes to our knowledge of childhood depression, not only in questions of epidemiology and preventive interventions, but also to a deeper, holistic comprehension of depression in children and adolescents. As to the “Once-upon-a-time...” technique, it his our belief that it holds great promise, and its potentialities should be examined in future studies by a more profound analysis of that technique.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado em Psicologia (Área de Psicologia Clínica) apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 2004
Palavras-chave
Teses de mestrado - 2004 Depressão infantil Sintomas depressivos Escalas de avaliação Psicologia clínica - Estudos de caso
