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Da Ásia para Roma. Centros e periferias na correspondência do Visitador Alessandro Valignano para o Geral da Companhia de Jesus Claudio Acquaviva (1582-1594)
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Em 1581, com a ascensão de Claudio Acquaviva ao cargo de Geral da
Companhia de Jesus, inicia-se a primeira década de inter-acção com o Visitador
Alessandro Valignano, dominada pelo debate sobre modelos de integração na Ásia.
Temática especialmente presente na correspondência enviada pelo Visitador ao Geral,
entre 1582 e 1594.
Nos cambiantes que manifestam, expõem uma problemática associada ao contacto de
um quadro identitário europeu com novas fronteiras de conhecimento. A forma como
filtram sensibilidades mais alargadas, está determinada pelos cargos que exercem, o que
condiciona o que consideram central e periférico: nas concepções e na relação entre
espaços. Pela radicalidade dos desafios que colocava, a Ásia e, especialmente o Japão,
é concebida por Acquaviva como paradigma do que pode ser a inserção da Companhia
em dinâmicas de periferia. Ainda que valorize uma aproximação às sociedades locais, o
Geral percebe que a intensidade de alguns modelos de integração no Japão, pensados
pelo Visitador, estão a provocar uma desorientação identitária em diversos elementos.
Para Acquaviva, a diluição da Companhia no exterior surge como a maior ameaça à
coesão interna numa instituição presente em múltiplas periferias. O Geral irá procurar
conter esta situação, que sentia com maior gravidade na missão japonesa, criando
mecanismos de controlo sobre Valignano, aravés da interferência na rede jesuíta asiática
e na relação infra-espaços asiáticos. Por outro lado, o Visitador irá sempre afirmar uma
centralidade na definição da estratégia missionária para a Ásia Oriental, fundamentada
numa experiência prática e percepção das realidades asiáticas. Perante o Geral, vai
consolidando a ideia que uma presença jesuíta e cristã, somente é viável numa plena
articulação com padrões de vivência locais. O eixo China-Macau-Japão, ao longo da
década de 80, emerge como palco central de Valignano e Roma, gradualmente, como
uma periferia que podia normativamente condicionar as opções do Visitador.
In 1581, with the accession of Claudio Acquaviva to the post of General of the Society of Jesus, the first decade of interaction with Visitor Alessandro Valignano begins, dominated by the debate on models of integration in Asia. Thematic especially present in the correspondence sent by the Visitor to the General, between 1582 and 1594. In the differences that both manifest, they expose arguments related with the contact of a European identity framework with new frontiers of knowledge. The way both filter broader sensitivities is determined by the positions they hold, which conditions what they consider central and peripheral: in the conceptions and in the relationship between territories. Due to the radicality of the challenges it posed, Asia and, especially Japan, is conceived by Acquaviva as a paradigm of what could be the insertion of the Society in peripheral dynamics. Although he values an approach to local societies, the General realizes that the intensity of some models of integration in Japan, thought by the Visitor, are causing an identity disorientation in several elements. For Acquaviva, the dilution of the Society in external realities appears as the greatest threat to internal cohesion in an institution present in multiple peripheries. The General will try to contain this situation, which he felt most seriously in the Japanese mission, by creating control mechanisms over Valignano, through interference in the Asian Jesuit network and in an internal Asian balance. On the other hand, the Visitor will always affirm a centrality in the definition of the missionary strategy for East Asia, based on a practical experience and perception of Asian realities. Before the General, he consolidates the idea that a Jesuit and Christian presence is only viable in full articulation with local standards. The China-Macau-Japan axis throughout the 1580s, emerges as the central stage of Valignano and Rome, gradually, is perceived as a periphery that could normatively condition the options of the Visitor.
In 1581, with the accession of Claudio Acquaviva to the post of General of the Society of Jesus, the first decade of interaction with Visitor Alessandro Valignano begins, dominated by the debate on models of integration in Asia. Thematic especially present in the correspondence sent by the Visitor to the General, between 1582 and 1594. In the differences that both manifest, they expose arguments related with the contact of a European identity framework with new frontiers of knowledge. The way both filter broader sensitivities is determined by the positions they hold, which conditions what they consider central and peripheral: in the conceptions and in the relationship between territories. Due to the radicality of the challenges it posed, Asia and, especially Japan, is conceived by Acquaviva as a paradigm of what could be the insertion of the Society in peripheral dynamics. Although he values an approach to local societies, the General realizes that the intensity of some models of integration in Japan, thought by the Visitor, are causing an identity disorientation in several elements. For Acquaviva, the dilution of the Society in external realities appears as the greatest threat to internal cohesion in an institution present in multiple peripheries. The General will try to contain this situation, which he felt most seriously in the Japanese mission, by creating control mechanisms over Valignano, through interference in the Asian Jesuit network and in an internal Asian balance. On the other hand, the Visitor will always affirm a centrality in the definition of the missionary strategy for East Asia, based on a practical experience and perception of Asian realities. Before the General, he consolidates the idea that a Jesuit and Christian presence is only viable in full articulation with local standards. The China-Macau-Japan axis throughout the 1580s, emerges as the central stage of Valignano and Rome, gradually, is perceived as a periphery that could normatively condition the options of the Visitor.
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Valignani 1539-1606) , Alessandro, 1539-1606 Acquaviva, Claudio, 1543-1615 Companhia de Jesus. Historia Missionários italianos - séc.16 Jesuítas - Missões - Japão - séc.16 Teses de doutoramento - 2022