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Isolamento social e autonomia física em pessoas idosas
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Com o aumento da esperança de vida, torna-se fundamental pensarmos no papel da pessoa
idosa na sociedade contemporânea. Do ponto de vista fisiológico, a velhice acarreta uma fase
de vulnerabilidade e fragilidade funcional que tende a aumentar com o avançar da idade. Ora,
os aspetos funcionais do processo de envelhecimento influenciam diretamente neste papel e nas
relações sociais das pessoas idosas em comunidade. Sob uma perspetiva sociológica, a pessoa
idosa tem papel fundamental na construção familiar, pois constitui-se no alicerce, onde a
sabedoria e o prestígio muitas vezes são padrões comportamentais para várias gerações
familiares. Assim, este estudo procura entender a relação entre autonomia física e isolamento
social. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de abordagens envolvendo tanto os aspetos
funcionais da autonomia física, nomeadamente a dependência, como também os aspetos e as
características sociais que englobam o risco de isolamento social nas pessoas idosas. O estudo
se desenvolveu sob o prisma de duas vertentes: a) fisiológica, apresentando as principais
características e alterações funcionais do processo de envelhecimento; b) sociológica, através
de abordagens socio comportamentais, tendo em vista o papel das pessoas idosas na sociedade.
Os dados foram recolhidos através de um inquérito por questionário, aplicado a uma amostra
de conveniência de 56 pessoas idosas, de ambos os sexos, com idade a partir dos 65 anos,
residentes em Lisboa e regiões adjacentes. Com este trabalho pretendeu-se investigar em que
medida as limitações físicas próprias do envelhecimento condicionam o nível de isolamento
social de pessoas idosas, utilizando as escalas de Lawton-Brody (versão SIQUEIRA, 2007),
para obter uma avaliação da autonomia e dependência física; e a escala breve de redes sociais
de Lubben, LSNS-6, como forma de avaliação do risco de isolamento social. Os dados
permitiram concluir que: a) a rede social das pessoas inquiridas é constituída, principalmente
por seus familiares, sendo a família também, a principal forma de apoio emocional; b) existe
uma correlação entre idade avançada e o nível de dependência funcional; c) o risco de
isolamento social cresce com o avançar da idade.
With the increase in life expectancy, it is essential to think about the role of the elderly in contemporary society. From a physiological point of view, old age leads to a phase of vulnerability and functional fragility that tends to increase with advanced age. In turn, the functional aspects of the aging process directly influence the social role and the social relationships of the elderly in the community. From a sociological perspective, the elder person has a fundamental role in family building, as they are the foundation, whose wisdom and prestige are often behavioral patterns for several family generations. This study aims to explore the relationships between physical autonomy and social isolation. The research was developed taking into account both the functional aspects of physical autonomy, namely the level of dependency, and the social aspects and characteristics that include the risk of social isolation among the elderly. The study considered two aspects: a) the physiological, examining the main characteristics and functional changes of the aging process; b) sociological, through socio behavioral approaches that explore the role of the elderly in society. Data were collected through a questionnaire applied to a purposeful sample of 56 elderly people, of both sexes, aged 65 years old and over, living in Lisbon and adjacent regions. This work aimed to investigate the extent to which physical limitations inherent to the aging process affect the level of social isolation of elderly people, using the Lawton-Brody scales (SEQUEIRA, 2007 version), to obtain autonomy and physical dependence; and Lubben's brief scale of social networks, LSNS 6, as a way of assessing the risk of social isolation. Results allo us to conclude that: a) the social network of the people interviewed is constituted, mainly, by their relatives, the family being also the main source of emotional support; b) there is a correlation between old age and the level of functional dependence; c) the risk of social isolation increases with age.
With the increase in life expectancy, it is essential to think about the role of the elderly in contemporary society. From a physiological point of view, old age leads to a phase of vulnerability and functional fragility that tends to increase with advanced age. In turn, the functional aspects of the aging process directly influence the social role and the social relationships of the elderly in the community. From a sociological perspective, the elder person has a fundamental role in family building, as they are the foundation, whose wisdom and prestige are often behavioral patterns for several family generations. This study aims to explore the relationships between physical autonomy and social isolation. The research was developed taking into account both the functional aspects of physical autonomy, namely the level of dependency, and the social aspects and characteristics that include the risk of social isolation among the elderly. The study considered two aspects: a) the physiological, examining the main characteristics and functional changes of the aging process; b) sociological, through socio behavioral approaches that explore the role of the elderly in society. Data were collected through a questionnaire applied to a purposeful sample of 56 elderly people, of both sexes, aged 65 years old and over, living in Lisbon and adjacent regions. This work aimed to investigate the extent to which physical limitations inherent to the aging process affect the level of social isolation of elderly people, using the Lawton-Brody scales (SEQUEIRA, 2007 version), to obtain autonomy and physical dependence; and Lubben's brief scale of social networks, LSNS 6, as a way of assessing the risk of social isolation. Results allo us to conclude that: a) the social network of the people interviewed is constituted, mainly, by their relatives, the family being also the main source of emotional support; b) there is a correlation between old age and the level of functional dependence; c) the risk of social isolation increases with age.
Descrição
Trabalho de Projeto para obtenção de Mestrado em Gerontologia Social
Palavras-chave
autonomia física dependência funcional isolamento social envelhecimento rede social physical autonomy functional dependence social isolation aging social network
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas