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A philosophical reflection on autonomy and vulnerability in the contextof the archaeological practice in the 21st century
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Resumo(s)
Archaeology plays an important role in the determination and the comprehension of the co-existence of
identities between past and contemporary cultures. The archaeologist is required to think beyond temporal and
physical borders throughout his studies of the human past, in pursuit of uncovering the material remains of past
cultures whose settlement patterns do not reflect the current political and geographical organization into nationstates.
In Part I of this thesis, entitled “Archaeological Practices in the 21st century”, an overview of a wide
variety of ethical concerns related to the production of archaeological knowledge will be given first. The
overview will be contextualized within the broader framework of the cultural practices and politics of the
archaeological practice, understood as both a humanistic and scientific discipline, in the 21st century. For this
purpose, the ethical, political and social implications of the choices made by European archaeologists working
abroad will be discussed in some detail. The archaeologists’ involvement abroad has an impact on the
establishment, maintenance and disruption of relationships between local communities and foreign investigators
conducting archaeological research. Likewise, some of the most prominent implications of the practice of
archaeology in zones of conflict will be introduced to the reader. Part II, entitled “Archaeology and Philosophy”,
constitutes of a philosophical reflection on the current state of the archaeological practice in agreement with the
preceding chapters of this thesis. The intention is to develop a philosophical framework within which it is
possible to analyze many of the transformations of the last hundred years which have taken place in the
archaeological profession. The alterations have taken place both due to the improvement of the technology
available for archaeological excavations and because of the conduction of investigations abroad, which are never
situated outside of the geopolitical condition of the 20th century and the early 21st century. The philosophical
oeuvre of Paul Ricoeur, in particular his writings on history, ideology, utopia and his conception of the capable
human being will serve as the background against which to describe the possibility of a different form of
dialogue between archaeology and philosophy.
First, the relationship between history, memory and the archaeological study of material cultures will be
discussed with reference to Ricoeur’s philosophical thought. Different aspects of the french philosopher’s oeuvre
will pave the way for a philosophical reflection on autonomy and vulnerability in the context of the
archaeological practice in the 21st century. The illustration of these aspects will include Ricoeur’s conception of
the capable human being, the triad of the ethical, the moral and practical reason and a Ricoeurian understanding
of the political subject. Lastly, sue to the claims and beliefs expressed by different authoritative orders operating
within the vast archaeological field questions on vulnerability and autonomy must be reconsidered in light of
Ricoeur’s dialectic of ideology and utopia.
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Palavras-chave
Arqueologia - Filosofia Arqueologia - séc.21 - Aspectos morais Teses de mestrado - 2019