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A endometriose é uma doença ginecológica caracterizada por presença de tecido endometrial fora do útero. Atualmente o seu diagnóstico é feito de forma invasiva, com recurso a laparoscopia. Seria importante para o diagnóstico não invasivo encontrar biomarcadores de endometriose capazes de identificar doença em mulheres com dor pélvica e/ou infertilidade e ecografia sem alterações. Várias moléculas foram estudadas nesse contexto quer em combinação quer isoladamente. Nesta revisão são discutidas as moléculas mais relevantes atualmente. Desde o conhecido e melhor estudado CA-125, a outros como: TGF-β, PCR, ApoE, gene HOXA-10, plaquetas, stress oxidativo, prolactina e cortisol, macrófagos, citoquinas, moléculas de adesão celular, fibras nervosas, micro RNA’s, angiogénese, proteómica. Os vários estudos existentes apresentam várias limitações relacionadas com: dimensão da amostra, controlos, estadiamento, tipo de lesão, marcadores clínicos associados, fase do ciclo menstrual e terapêutica hormonal. Apesar de não terem sido identificadas moléculas que possam ser usadas de forma sistemática, as investigações atuais aproximam-se, cada vez mais, de conseguirem integrar um ou mais biomarcadores na prática clínica.
Endometriosis is a gynaecological disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Nowadays its diagnosis is invasive with the use of laparoscopic surgery. It would be important to find biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis, in order to identify the disease in women with pelvic pain and/or infertility, and normal ecography. Several molecules have been studied either combined or alone. In this review we discuss the most relevant molecules nowadays. From the well known and better studied CA-125 to others like: TGF-β, PCR, ApoE, HOXA-10 gene, platelets, oxidative stress, prolactin and cortisol, macrophages, cytokines, adhesion molecules, nerve fibers, micro RNA’s, angiogenesis, proteomics. The existent studies present several limitations related to: sample size, controls, staging, lesion type, clinical markers, menstrual cycle phase, hormonal therapy. Despite the fact that there are no molecules available to be used in a systematic matter, current investigations is getting increasingly closer to the application of biomarkers in clinical practice.
Endometriosis is a gynaecological disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Nowadays its diagnosis is invasive with the use of laparoscopic surgery. It would be important to find biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis, in order to identify the disease in women with pelvic pain and/or infertility, and normal ecography. Several molecules have been studied either combined or alone. In this review we discuss the most relevant molecules nowadays. From the well known and better studied CA-125 to others like: TGF-β, PCR, ApoE, HOXA-10 gene, platelets, oxidative stress, prolactin and cortisol, macrophages, cytokines, adhesion molecules, nerve fibers, micro RNA’s, angiogenesis, proteomics. The existent studies present several limitations related to: sample size, controls, staging, lesion type, clinical markers, menstrual cycle phase, hormonal therapy. Despite the fact that there are no molecules available to be used in a systematic matter, current investigations is getting increasingly closer to the application of biomarkers in clinical practice.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015
Palavras-chave
Endometriose Útero Biomarcadores Dor pélvica Fertilidade Ginecologia
