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A responsabilidade internacional das empresas por violações de direitos humanos
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A globalização e o aumento da influência das empresas transnacionais apresentam desafios ao Direito Internacional e destacam a necessidade premente de reavaliar e fortalecer o quadro de responsabilidade internacional das empresas multinacionais. A acção destas empresas na promoção ou violação dos Direitos Humanos, à medida que se deslocam de países desenvolvidos para Estados mais desfavorecidos, torna-se cada vez mais significativa.
As violações de Direitos Humanos envolvendo empresas multinacionais resultam, frequentemente, em impactos devastadores. Contudo, a responsabilização efectiva é rara devido à lacuna entre o poder económico daquelas e os recursos jurídicos disponíveis hodiernamente. O sistema de Direitos Humanos, centrado nos Estados, não acompanhou a evolução e carece de mecanismos eficazes para responsabilizá-las enquanto perpetuadoras de abusos.
A relação entre as empresas e os direitos, aqui em causa, é uma questão que suscita discussão há décadas. À medida que o investimento estrangeiro cresce e as violações de Direitos Humanos se tornam uma preocupação internacional, os esforços das Nações Unidas, bem como de outras organizações internacionais, para abordar essa problemática e estabelecer directrizes de responsabilidade para Estados e empresas revelam-se insuficientes, em parte devido à falta de harmonização jurídica e à natureza voluntária das normas presentes nos instrumentos jurídicos existentes.
A pesquisa visa identificar lacunas nesse campo e examinar os esforços internacionais para preenchê-las. Esta análise procura entender as limitações dos mecanismos existentes e avaliar as tentativas de criar obrigações legais internacionais mais robustas que garantam a responsabilidade corporativa, em conformidade com os princípios de Direitos Humanos.
Globalization and the increasing influence of transnational corporations pose challenges to International Law, highlighting the urgent need to reassess and strengthen the framework of international corporate responsibility. The actions of these companies in promoting or violating Human Rights, as they move from developed countries to less privileged States, become increasingly significant. Human Rights violations involving multinational corporations often result in devastating impacts. However, effective accountability is rare due to the gap between their economic power and the legal resources available today. The Human Rights system centred on States has not kept pace with developments and lacks effective mechanisms to hold corporations accountable as perpetrators of abuses. The relation between companies and the rights at issue has been a topic of discussion for decades. As foreign investment grows and Human Rights violations become an international concern, the efforts of the United Nations and other international organizations to address this issue and establish responsibility guidelines for States and companies have proven insufficient. This is partly due to the lack of legal harmonization and the voluntary nature of the norms present in existing legal instruments. The research aims to identify gaps in this field and examine international efforts to address them. This analysis seeks to understand the limitations of existing mechanisms and assess attempts to create more robust international legal obligations that ensure corporate responsibility in line with Human Rights principles.
Globalization and the increasing influence of transnational corporations pose challenges to International Law, highlighting the urgent need to reassess and strengthen the framework of international corporate responsibility. The actions of these companies in promoting or violating Human Rights, as they move from developed countries to less privileged States, become increasingly significant. Human Rights violations involving multinational corporations often result in devastating impacts. However, effective accountability is rare due to the gap between their economic power and the legal resources available today. The Human Rights system centred on States has not kept pace with developments and lacks effective mechanisms to hold corporations accountable as perpetrators of abuses. The relation between companies and the rights at issue has been a topic of discussion for decades. As foreign investment grows and Human Rights violations become an international concern, the efforts of the United Nations and other international organizations to address this issue and establish responsibility guidelines for States and companies have proven insufficient. This is partly due to the lack of legal harmonization and the voluntary nature of the norms present in existing legal instruments. The research aims to identify gaps in this field and examine international efforts to address them. This analysis seeks to understand the limitations of existing mechanisms and assess attempts to create more robust international legal obligations that ensure corporate responsibility in line with Human Rights principles.
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Direitos humanos Empresas transnacionais Responsabilidade internacional Responsabilidade corporativa Teses de mestrado - 2024 Human rights Transnational corporations International responsibility Corporate responsibility