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A nova ágora : os efeitos do voto eletrônico no ordenamento constitucional : o voto eletrônico não presencial no panorama jurídico luso-brasileiro
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A presente dissertação tem por escopo analisar reflexos jurídicos demasiado importantes oriundos da Revolução Digital. Apresentadas as benesses proporcionadas pelo governo eletrônico e as facilidades que a democracia digital tem proporcionado no âmbito da participação política dos cidadãos, sobretudo como uma alternativa à atual crise de representatividade da democracia indireta, questiona-se a possibilidade ou não de utilização do voto eletrônico não presencial nos sistemas eleitorais de Brasil e Portugal. Além de se mostrar uma modalidade menos custosa à Administração Pública, o voto digital possibilita maior mobilidade aos votantes. Por outro lado, revela uma séria ameaça à soberania popular, colocando em risco o próprio ideal democrático. É imprescindível garantir que o exercício do sufrágio se exteriorize de forma confidencial, preservada a integridade do seu conteúdo, além de serem disponibilizados meios que assegurem a auditabilidade e a transparência do processo eleitoral. Da mesma forma, qualquer mecanismo de votação que se imponha necessita observar os princípios constitucionais da liberdade, pessoalidade, igualdade e do caráter secreto do voto. Acontece que algumas experiências em países que já utilizam o voto digital, bem como ensaios de alguns estudiosos, não são suficientes para cravejar a segurança desse sistema de votação. Do ponto de vista jurídico, igualmente, é preciso ressaltar a dificuldade de se acondicionar o voto remoto com a necessidade de manifestação do sufrágio aperfeiçoada longe de um cenário de pressões sobre o eleitorado. Aqui, mesmo que se possibilite a revogação do sufrágio, a verdade é que as intimidações permanecem a ponto de acompanharem o eleitor após o escrutínio eleitoral. Assim, diante de uma restrição a um direito fundamentar e pilar do Estado Democrático de Direito, qualquer meio que implique sua renúncia deve ser afastado.
The present dissertation aims to analyze too important legal reflexes arising from the Digital Revolution. Having presented the benefits provided by electronic government and the facilities that digital democracy has provided in the scope of political participation of citizens, especially as an alternative to the current crisis of representativeness of indirect democracy, it is questioned whether or not the possibility of using digital voting in the electoral systems of Brazil and Portugal. In addition to proving to be a less costly modality for the Public Administration, digital voting allows greater mobility for voters. On the other hand, it reveals a serious threat to popular sovereignty, putting the democratic ideal itself at risk. It is essential to ensure that the exercise of suffrage is communicated confidentially, preserving the integrity of its content, in addition to making available means that preserve the auditability and transparency of the electoral process. Likewise, any voting mechanism that imposes itself needs to observe the constitutional principles of liberty, personal character, equality and the secret character of the vote. It turns out that some experiences in countries that already use digital voting, as well as essays by some scholars, are not enough to establish the security of this voting system. From a legal point of view, in the same way, it is necessary to emphasize the difficulty of conditioning remote voting with the need for improved suffrage manifestation away from a scenario of pressure on the electorate. Here, even if the revocation of suffrage is possible, the truth is that intimidation remains to the point of accompanying the voter after the electoral scrutiny. Thus, in the face of a restriction on a fundamental right and pillar of the Democratic State of Law, any means that imply its resignation must be removed.
The present dissertation aims to analyze too important legal reflexes arising from the Digital Revolution. Having presented the benefits provided by electronic government and the facilities that digital democracy has provided in the scope of political participation of citizens, especially as an alternative to the current crisis of representativeness of indirect democracy, it is questioned whether or not the possibility of using digital voting in the electoral systems of Brazil and Portugal. In addition to proving to be a less costly modality for the Public Administration, digital voting allows greater mobility for voters. On the other hand, it reveals a serious threat to popular sovereignty, putting the democratic ideal itself at risk. It is essential to ensure that the exercise of suffrage is communicated confidentially, preserving the integrity of its content, in addition to making available means that preserve the auditability and transparency of the electoral process. Likewise, any voting mechanism that imposes itself needs to observe the constitutional principles of liberty, personal character, equality and the secret character of the vote. It turns out that some experiences in countries that already use digital voting, as well as essays by some scholars, are not enough to establish the security of this voting system. From a legal point of view, in the same way, it is necessary to emphasize the difficulty of conditioning remote voting with the need for improved suffrage manifestation away from a scenario of pressure on the electorate. Here, even if the revocation of suffrage is possible, the truth is that intimidation remains to the point of accompanying the voter after the electoral scrutiny. Thus, in the face of a restriction on a fundamental right and pillar of the Democratic State of Law, any means that imply its resignation must be removed.
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Keywords
Democracia digital Voto electrónico Liberdade Inconstitucionalidade Estado democrático de direito Teses de mestrado - 2024 digital democracy Digital voting Freedom Unconstitutionality Democratic state of law