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A posição privilegiada do fígado em conjunto com o facto de 75% do seu aporte sanguíneo ser proveniente diretamente do trato gastrointestinal faz com que este seja um órgão equiparável a uma firewall do corpo humano. Equipado de um sistema imunitário inato e adaptativo, cujos recetores reconhecem produtos derivados de microrganismos, toxinas e antigénios alimentares que ultrapassaram a barreira intestinal, o fígado é especializado em eficientemente promover quer o mutualismo quer a defesa do hospedeiro. Cada vez mais reconhece-se o papel da flora intestinal, com o seu grande número e diversidade de microrganismos, numa grande variedade de processos fisiológicos podendo estar no centro de muitas patologias, entre elas a hepatopatia alcoólica. Há que ter igualmente em consideração a influência de comorbilidades do hospedeiro na alteração e variabilidade da flora, podendo este ser um fator agravante da patologia de base.
Nesta revisão abordo a relação central entre o sistema imune, a flora intestinal e a iniciação/progressão da doença hepática alcoólica.
The liver’s privileged position and the fact that 75% of its blood supply is a direct influx from the gastrointestinal tract makes this organ comparable to a firewall of the human body. Equipped with an innate and adaptive immune system whose receptors recognize products derived from microorganisms, toxins and food antigens that pass through the intestinal barrier, the liver is specialized in efficiently promoting mutualism or host defense. The intestinal flora, with its large number and diversity of microorganisms, has an important role in a variety of physiological processes, being recognized as having a highly influential role in many diseases including alcoholic liver disease. It should also be taken into account the influence of host’s comorbidities in the flora’s variability, which might worsen the subject’s health. In this review, I will address the relation between the immune system, the intestinal microbiota and initiation/progression of alcoholic liver disease.
The liver’s privileged position and the fact that 75% of its blood supply is a direct influx from the gastrointestinal tract makes this organ comparable to a firewall of the human body. Equipped with an innate and adaptive immune system whose receptors recognize products derived from microorganisms, toxins and food antigens that pass through the intestinal barrier, the liver is specialized in efficiently promoting mutualism or host defense. The intestinal flora, with its large number and diversity of microorganisms, has an important role in a variety of physiological processes, being recognized as having a highly influential role in many diseases including alcoholic liver disease. It should also be taken into account the influence of host’s comorbidities in the flora’s variability, which might worsen the subject’s health. In this review, I will address the relation between the immune system, the intestinal microbiota and initiation/progression of alcoholic liver disease.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015
Palavras-chave
Flora intestinal Doença hepática alcoólica Álcool
