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Abstract(s)
Há cada vez mais evidências científicas de que as condições climáticas são importantes impulsionadoras de deslocamento, atingindo, especialmente, pessoas vulneráveis e ecossistemas mais frágeis. Com o objetivo de investigar o grau de proteção jurídica que os que se deslocam por razões climáticas detêm no plano jurídico-internacional, o presente estudo encontra-se dividido em duas partes. A primeira visa perceber quais são os desafios legais enfrentados por esses indivíduos, à luz do regime internacional vigente. Parte, portanto, da elucidação sobre a necessidade de criação de uma nova subcategoria de fluxo migratório, passando pela discussão sobre a terminologia e definição a adotar, chegando, finalmente, à perfilhação do termo adotado: refugiados climáticos. A fim de aferir o grau de proteção jurídica existente a essas pessoas, procede-se à análise dos instrumentos internacionais e regionais existentes. Face à desproteção dos refugidos climáticos perante o quadro jurídico-internacional, busca-se, então, responder a segunda questão: como protegê-los? Debruça-se, por conseguinte, a segunda parte do presente trabalho, sobre as possibilidades de colmatação da lacuna existente a partir das diferentes propostas elaboradas pela doutrina que vão desde (a) interpretação extensiva e atualista do conceito de refugiado ou alteração da Convenção de Genebra para revisão desse conceito, (b) acordos bilaterais e regionais, (c) convenção autônoma pautada no Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos e, ainda, (d) um novo instrumento no âmbito Direito Internacional das Alterações Climáticas. Propõe-se, por fim, a adoção de um Protocolo à Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre as Alterações Climáticas, sobre o Reconhecimento, Proteção e Reassentamento dos Refugiados Climáticos, baseado nos princípios das responsabilidades comuns mas diferenciadas, das respectivas capacidades, do reembolso integral dos custos incrementais e do non-refoulement. Preconiza-se ainda a junção ao Protocolo de um fundo, em particular o fundo de perdas e danos, tendo como um dos objetivos o financiamento da deslocação e reassentamento dos refugiados climáticos. A partir desta análise, espera-se contribuir para o debate sobre o (futuro) estatuto jurídico dos refugiados climáticos na arena internacional.
There is growing scientific evidence that climate conditions are important drivers of displacement, particularly affecting vulnerable people and more fragile ecosystems. In order to investigate the degree of legal protection that those displaced by climate change have in the international legal framework, this study is divided into two parts. The first aims to understand the legal challenges faced by climate refugees in light of the current international regime. It therefore begins by elucidating the need to create a new subcategory of migratory flow, moving on to a discussion on the terminology and definition to be adopted, and finally, the term adopted: climate refugees. In order to assess the degree of the existing legal protection for these people, an analysis was made of existing international and regional instruments. Given the lack of protection of climate refugees within the international legal framework, we sought to answer the second question: how can we protect them? The second part of this dissertation therefore focuses on the possibilities of filling the existing gap based on the different proposals developed by the doctrine, ranging from (a) an extensive and up-to-date interpretation of the concept of refugee or amendment of the Geneva Convention to review this concept, (b) bilateral and regional agreements, (c) an autonomous convention based on International Human Rights Law and (d) a new instrument under International Climate Change Law. Finally, we propose adopting a Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on the Recognition, Protection and Resettlement of Climate Refugees, based on the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, respective capabilities, full reimbursement of incremental costs and non-refoulement. It is also recommended that a fund be added to the Protocol, in particular the Loss and Damage Fund, with one of its objectives being to finance the displacement and resettlement of climate refugees. From this analysis, we hope to contribute to the debate on the (future) legal status of climate refugees in the international arena.
There is growing scientific evidence that climate conditions are important drivers of displacement, particularly affecting vulnerable people and more fragile ecosystems. In order to investigate the degree of legal protection that those displaced by climate change have in the international legal framework, this study is divided into two parts. The first aims to understand the legal challenges faced by climate refugees in light of the current international regime. It therefore begins by elucidating the need to create a new subcategory of migratory flow, moving on to a discussion on the terminology and definition to be adopted, and finally, the term adopted: climate refugees. In order to assess the degree of the existing legal protection for these people, an analysis was made of existing international and regional instruments. Given the lack of protection of climate refugees within the international legal framework, we sought to answer the second question: how can we protect them? The second part of this dissertation therefore focuses on the possibilities of filling the existing gap based on the different proposals developed by the doctrine, ranging from (a) an extensive and up-to-date interpretation of the concept of refugee or amendment of the Geneva Convention to review this concept, (b) bilateral and regional agreements, (c) an autonomous convention based on International Human Rights Law and (d) a new instrument under International Climate Change Law. Finally, we propose adopting a Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on the Recognition, Protection and Resettlement of Climate Refugees, based on the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, respective capabilities, full reimbursement of incremental costs and non-refoulement. It is also recommended that a fund be added to the Protocol, in particular the Loss and Damage Fund, with one of its objectives being to finance the displacement and resettlement of climate refugees. From this analysis, we hope to contribute to the debate on the (future) legal status of climate refugees in the international arena.
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Keywords
Refugiados climáticos Alterações climáticas Protecção jurídica Danos e perdas Fluxos migratórios Teses de mestrado - 2025 Climate refugees Climate changes Legal protection Damages and losses Migratory flow