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Nutrição e Stresse:estudo dos indicadores de stresse e a sua relação com o contexto nutricional da colecção osteológica não-identificada do Castelo de São Jorge (Século XI)
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O objectivo geral deste trabalho foi realizar o estudo dos indicadores de stresse e dos padrões de crescimento da colecção osteológica do Castelo de São Jorge, relacionando-os e procurando enquadrar os resultados da análise de isótopos providenciados pela investigadora Alice Toso, da Universidade de York. Para tal foi necessário proceder ao estudo paleodemográfico da colecção, através da estimativa da idade à morte e a determinação sexual da amostra de adultos. Para a estimativa da idade à morte nos não-adultos recorreu-se ao desenvolvimento dentário e ósseo dos indivíduos. Nos adultos a idade foi estimada através da análise de zonas do coxal e das costelas. Para a determinação do sexo recorreu-se à análise morfológica do coxal, do crânio e às medições dos ossos longos. Para o estudo do crescimento comparou-se a idade dentária com a idade associada para o comprimento dos ossos longos estabelecida por Maresh (1970) e Cardoso (2005). Posteriormente foi pesquisada a presença de linhas de Harris, hipoplasias do esmalte dentário e de cribra orbitalia. Foi adoptada uma abordagem comparativa para uma melhor compreensão dos resultados. A colecção em análise é composta por 35 indivíduos. Esta foi exumada do Castelo de São Jorge e refere-se à ocupação islâmica documentada do castelo durante o século XI. A análise paleodemográfica indica uma elevada mortalidade infantil, visto que 60% (n=21) dos indivíduos são não-adultos. 45,7% destes têm menos de 3 anos de idade à morte, o que pode estar associado à altura do desmame, visto que todos os indivíduos nestas idades mostraram um padrão de amamentação nas análises de isótopos. Os adultos são também bastante jovens, sendo que 35% têm entre 18 a 29 anos. Não foi possível estimar a idade para 35% dos adultos. O perfil sexual é um pouco desequilibrado, com 50% de mulheres e 28,5% de homens. Não se determinou o sexo em 21,5% dos adultos, o que é bastante. As crianças do Castelo de São Jorge revelaram um padrão de crescimento atrasado relativamente ao desenvolvimento dentário e ósseo estabelecido por Maresh (1970), que estudou crianças saudáveis e vivas. Comparando os dados com Cardoso (2005) verificaram-se diferenças, mas mais ténues. Em nenhum dos casos de verificou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa (p>0,05). Os adultos da colecção em estudo são, em média, mais altos do que os adultos da colecção estudada por Cardoso (2000). A média feminina é de 154 cm e a masculina é de 163 cm. Esta estatura é consistente com o que se observou noutras colecções passadas (Garcia, 2007), reflectindo uma tendência mais generalizada. A estatura média é similar à observada por Garcia (2007), que estudou uma população medieval de Leiria que não seria especialmente abastada. No geral, pode-se afirmar que a colecção do Castelo de São Jorge apresenta baixas prevalências dos indicadores de stresse quando comparadas com as prevalências observadas na literatura antropológica, indicando a experiência de pouco stresse. No entanto, as crianças com indicadores de stresse revelaram uma idade à morte superior à das crianças sem marcas de stresse. Desta forma, é possível que uma parte das “crianças saudáveis” observadas esconda em si uma maior fragilidade, ludibriando um olhar mais simplista.
The main goal of this work was to study the non-specific stress indicators and growth patterns of osteological collection of the São Jorge’s Castle and frame them with the isotope analysis results provided by investigator Alice Toso, from York University. It was necessaryto proceed to a paleodemographic study, through age-at-death estimation and sex determination. In non-adults it was used the dental and long bones development. In adults it was used a morphological analysis of coxal and ribs. To sex determination it was used, again, a morphological analysis of coxal and measurements of the long bones. To study growth patterns in non-adults it was necessary compare the dental age to long bone’s age established by Maresh (1970) and Cardoso (2005). The non-specific stress indicators under analysis were Harri’s lines, linear enamel hypoplasias and cribra orbitalia. A comparative approach was adopted. The collection in analysis is composed by 35 individuals exhumed from São Jorge’s Castle and refers to the islamic occupation in the 11th century. The paleodemographic study indicates a high infant mortality, as 60% (n=21) of subjects are non-adults, 45,7% of which had less than 3 years old when they died. This can be related to the weaning, since every individual under this age showed a breastfed mark in isotopic analysis. The adult sample its very young too, since the majority (35%) of adults were aged between 18 and 29 years old. The sexual profile is a little unbalanced since 50% were woman, against 28.5% of men. But it was impossible determine the sex of 21.5% of adults (n=3). The children in this collection showed a retarded growth pattern compared with the dental and osseous development established by Maresh (1970) that studied healthy and alive children. When the results were compared with Cardoso’s data (2005), the differences were smoother. Either way, the differences were never statistically significant (p>0,05). Adults from São Jorge’s Castle revealed a higher stature when compared with the Portuguese collection studied by Cardoso (2000) from 20th century. The female average its 154 cm and the male average its 163 cm. These values are consistent with what was observed in a Portuguese medieval collection from Leiria, composed by individuals from middle and lower classes. In general, the São Jorge’s Castle collection presents low prevalences of non-specific stress indicators when compared with the values presented in the anthropological literature, which indicates the experience of low levels of stress. Nevertheless, the subadults that showed stress indicators revealed an age-at-death superior to those that do not. In this way, it is possible that some part of what we would classify as “healthy children” would hide some fragility, deluding more simple eyes.
The main goal of this work was to study the non-specific stress indicators and growth patterns of osteological collection of the São Jorge’s Castle and frame them with the isotope analysis results provided by investigator Alice Toso, from York University. It was necessaryto proceed to a paleodemographic study, through age-at-death estimation and sex determination. In non-adults it was used the dental and long bones development. In adults it was used a morphological analysis of coxal and ribs. To sex determination it was used, again, a morphological analysis of coxal and measurements of the long bones. To study growth patterns in non-adults it was necessary compare the dental age to long bone’s age established by Maresh (1970) and Cardoso (2005). The non-specific stress indicators under analysis were Harri’s lines, linear enamel hypoplasias and cribra orbitalia. A comparative approach was adopted. The collection in analysis is composed by 35 individuals exhumed from São Jorge’s Castle and refers to the islamic occupation in the 11th century. The paleodemographic study indicates a high infant mortality, as 60% (n=21) of subjects are non-adults, 45,7% of which had less than 3 years old when they died. This can be related to the weaning, since every individual under this age showed a breastfed mark in isotopic analysis. The adult sample its very young too, since the majority (35%) of adults were aged between 18 and 29 years old. The sexual profile is a little unbalanced since 50% were woman, against 28.5% of men. But it was impossible determine the sex of 21.5% of adults (n=3). The children in this collection showed a retarded growth pattern compared with the dental and osseous development established by Maresh (1970) that studied healthy and alive children. When the results were compared with Cardoso’s data (2005), the differences were smoother. Either way, the differences were never statistically significant (p>0,05). Adults from São Jorge’s Castle revealed a higher stature when compared with the Portuguese collection studied by Cardoso (2000) from 20th century. The female average its 154 cm and the male average its 163 cm. These values are consistent with what was observed in a Portuguese medieval collection from Leiria, composed by individuals from middle and lower classes. In general, the São Jorge’s Castle collection presents low prevalences of non-specific stress indicators when compared with the values presented in the anthropological literature, which indicates the experience of low levels of stress. Nevertheless, the subadults that showed stress indicators revealed an age-at-death superior to those that do not. In this way, it is possible that some part of what we would classify as “healthy children” would hide some fragility, deluding more simple eyes.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Antropologia
Palavras-chave
Paleopatologia Padrões de crescimento Indicadores de stresse Colecção islâmica Análise de isótopos Paradoxo osteológico Paleopathology Growth patterns Stress indicators Islamic colection Isotope analysis Osteological paradox
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas