A carregar...
Publicação
Rastreio de agentes patogénicos em Apis mellifera nas regiões Norte e Centro de Portugal
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.26 MB | Adobe PDF |
Resumo(s)
A abelha melífera (Apis mellifera) enfrenta um número sem precedentes de ameaças, das quais se destacam os agentes patogénicos, cuja ação contribui, em grande parte, para a perda de colónias à escala mundial. O presente estudo visou determinar a prevalência e distribuição sazonal dos principais agentes patogénicos de Apis mellifera, em amostras das regiões Norte (N) e Centro (C) de Portugal, explorando também potenciais interações entre estes. Um total de 736 amostras (156 da região Norte e 580 da região Centro) colhidas durante o ano de 2019 foram analisadas no Posto Apícola do INIAV, recorrendo aos métodos de diagnóstico usualmente empregues neste laboratório. Foram identificados 5 agentes: Varroa destructor, Nosema spp., Senotainia tricuspis, Paenibacillus larvae e Ascosphaera apis. Como esperado, o ácaro V. destructor provou ser o agente mais prevalente nos dois grupos regionais (N: 78,8% (123/156) e C: 59,0% (342/580)), com uma presença mais evidente nas estações de verão, outono e inverno e coexistiu, nalguns dos apiários amostrados, com o microsporídeo Nosema spp, o segundo agente mais frequentemente identificado (N: 57,7% (90/156) e C: 31,7% (184/580)), que apresentou uma maior prevalência invernal em cada uma das regiões, mas uma distribuição pouco definida nas restantes estações. O díptero S. tricuspis, foi também um dos agentes mais relevantes do estudo (N: 8,3% (13/156) e C: 13,8% (80/580)), tendo sido essencialmente observado em amostras recolhidas durante o verão e outono, identificando-se alguns casos residuais entre as amostras colhidas na primavera, na região Centro. O agente bacteriano P. larvae e o fungo A. apis só foram identificados em amostras provenientes da região Centro, recolhidas durante a primavera, e ambos os agentes apresentaram a mesma prevalência, cerca de 0,2% (1/580 e 1/580). Foi encontrada uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre Nosema spp. e V. destructor nos dois grupos regionais, e uma associação entre S. tricuspis e V. destructor no grupo de amostras da região Centro.
A caracterização da atuação destes agentes em diferentes contextos regionais representa um importante passo no estabelecimento de planos sanitários e medidas de controlo mais adequadas à realidade de cada região.
ABSTRACT - SCREENING OF APIS MELLIFERA PATHOGENS IN THE NORTHERN AND CENTER REGIONS OF PORTUGAL - The domestic honeybee (Apis mellifera), faces an unprecedented number of threats, of which pathogens stand out and whose action contributes, largely, to the loss of colonies at the global scale. The present study aims to determine the prevalence and seasonal distribution of the main pathogens of Apis mellifera in the Northern (N) and Center (C) regions of Portugal, while also exploring potential interactions between said agents. A total of 736 samples (156 from the Northern region and 580 from the Center region) collected in 2019, were analyzed at the Posto Apícola, INIAV, using the diagnostic methods usually employed in this laboratory. Five agents were identified: Varroa destructor, Nosema spp., Senotainia tricuspis, Paenibacillus larvae and Ascosphaera apis. As expected, the mite V. destructor proved to be the most prevalent agent within the two regional groups (N: 78,8% (123/156) and C: 59,0% (342/580)) with a more evident presence during the summer, autumn and winter seasons, coexisting, within some of the sampled apiaries, with the microsporidium Nosema spp., the second most commonly identified agent (N: 57,7% (90/156) and C: 31,7% (184/580)), which also presented a high winter prevalence in both regions, but an undefined distribution throughout the other seasons. The fly S. tricuspis was also one of the most relevant agents in this study (N: 8,3% (13/156) and C: 13,8% (80/580)) and was mostly observed in samples collected during summer and autumn, with a residual number of cases from samples collected in spring, in the Center region. The bacterium, P. larvae and the fungus A. apis were only identified in samples from the Center, collected during spring, and both agents exhibited the same value of prevalence, approximately 0,2% (1/580 and 1/580). We found a statistically significant relation between Nosema spp. and V. destructor in both regions, and a statistic association between S. tricuspis and V. destructor in the Center region. The characterization of the performance of these agents in different regional contexts represents an important step in the establishment of health plans and control measures adapted to the reality of each region.
ABSTRACT - SCREENING OF APIS MELLIFERA PATHOGENS IN THE NORTHERN AND CENTER REGIONS OF PORTUGAL - The domestic honeybee (Apis mellifera), faces an unprecedented number of threats, of which pathogens stand out and whose action contributes, largely, to the loss of colonies at the global scale. The present study aims to determine the prevalence and seasonal distribution of the main pathogens of Apis mellifera in the Northern (N) and Center (C) regions of Portugal, while also exploring potential interactions between said agents. A total of 736 samples (156 from the Northern region and 580 from the Center region) collected in 2019, were analyzed at the Posto Apícola, INIAV, using the diagnostic methods usually employed in this laboratory. Five agents were identified: Varroa destructor, Nosema spp., Senotainia tricuspis, Paenibacillus larvae and Ascosphaera apis. As expected, the mite V. destructor proved to be the most prevalent agent within the two regional groups (N: 78,8% (123/156) and C: 59,0% (342/580)) with a more evident presence during the summer, autumn and winter seasons, coexisting, within some of the sampled apiaries, with the microsporidium Nosema spp., the second most commonly identified agent (N: 57,7% (90/156) and C: 31,7% (184/580)), which also presented a high winter prevalence in both regions, but an undefined distribution throughout the other seasons. The fly S. tricuspis was also one of the most relevant agents in this study (N: 8,3% (13/156) and C: 13,8% (80/580)) and was mostly observed in samples collected during summer and autumn, with a residual number of cases from samples collected in spring, in the Center region. The bacterium, P. larvae and the fungus A. apis were only identified in samples from the Center, collected during spring, and both agents exhibited the same value of prevalence, approximately 0,2% (1/580 and 1/580). We found a statistically significant relation between Nosema spp. and V. destructor in both regions, and a statistic association between S. tricuspis and V. destructor in the Center region. The characterization of the performance of these agents in different regional contexts represents an important step in the establishment of health plans and control measures adapted to the reality of each region.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Apis mellifera Varroa destructor Nosema spp. Senotainia tricuspis Paenibacillus larvae Ascosphaera apis Portugal
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Costa GFSS 2021. Rastreio de agentes patogénicos em Apis mellifera nas regiões Norte e Centro de Portugal [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária