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O design em Portugal, um tempo e um modo : a institucionalização do design português entre 1959-1974
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Resumo(s)
Este estudo analisa o percurso da institucionalização do design português num período – de
final da década de 1950 a 1974 – determinado pelas circunstâncias de modernização do
país. A institucionalização tem o seu início quando o Estado procura industrializar o design
e desenvolve-se no espaço conceptual do Modernismo do Estado Novo que, ao absorver os
desafios culturais oriundos dos países desenvolvidos, adquire feições cosmopolitas.
Institucionalização, profissionalização e educação constituem-se como três dimensões
estruturantes essenciais à compreensão das características históricas e identitárias da
construção social do designer português. A “institucionalização” incide sobre o objectivo do
Instituto Nacional de Investigação Industrial (INII) de, através da renovação estética de
produtos, incentivar a modernização da indústria portuguesa. A “profissionalização” aborda
a colaboração de Daciano da Costa com a Metalúrgica da Longra como aquela que mais
contributos forneceu para a consolidação da profissão, atendendo à utilização assertiva e
metodológica do design e aos contributos dados, por aquele designer, para o estabelecimento
das bases de legitimação e de hegemonia profissionais. A dimensão “educação” questiona o
motivo pelo qual a institucionalização não ocorreu em simultâneo com a abertura dos cursos
superiores de design: o ensino era informal e só em 1974 são criadas as bases para a sua
formalização nas Escolas Superiores de Belas-Artes de Lisboa e do Porto.
A investigação compreende três partes. Na primeira, elabora-se o enquadramento conceptual
e histórico com base na revisão da bibliografia. Na segunda, desenvolvem-se os objectivos
da investigação e apresenta-se o modelo de análise para o estudo desta problemática
da institucionalização do design. Na última parte – a componente empírica – operacionaliza-
se a metodologia proposta através de estudos de caso, os quais implicam uma análise do
discurso de entrevistas e documentos seleccionados. Na conclusão, avalia-se a adequação
do modelo de análise ao estudo da institucionalização do design português no período em
questão.
This study examines the path of the Portuguese design institutionalization in a period – from the late 1950s to 1974 – determined by the country’s needs of modernization. Institutionalization begins when the state tries to industrialize the design and develops into the conceptual space of Modernism of the Estado Novo that, by absorbing the cultural challenges from developed countries, acquires cosmopolitan features. Institutionalization, professionalization and education become the three structural dimensions essential to the understanding of the historical and identity characteristics of the Portuguese designer’s social creation. The “institutionalization” focuses the National Institute of Industrial Research (INII) aim which, through the renewal of aesthetic products, encourages the modernization of the Portuguese industry. The “professionalization” refers Daciano da Costa’s collaboration with the Metallurgical Longra as the one which contributed the most to the consolidation of the profession, considering the use of assertive and methodological design and that designer’s contributions in establishing the professional basis of legitimating and hegemony. The dimension “education” questions why the institutionalization did not occur simultaneously with the opening of higher education in design: teaching was informal and it was only in 1974 that the foundation for its formalization at the Colleges of Fine Arts of Lisbon and Oporto occurred. The research consists of three parts. In the first one, the conceptual and historical framework, based on a review of the literature, is made. In the second, the research objectives are developed and the analysis model for the study of this issue of design institutionalization is presented. In the last part - the empirical component –the proposed methodology is applied through study cases, involving an analysis of interviews and selected documents. In the conclusion, the adequacy of the analysis model to the study of the institutionalization of Portuguese design in the referred time period is evaluated.
This study examines the path of the Portuguese design institutionalization in a period – from the late 1950s to 1974 – determined by the country’s needs of modernization. Institutionalization begins when the state tries to industrialize the design and develops into the conceptual space of Modernism of the Estado Novo that, by absorbing the cultural challenges from developed countries, acquires cosmopolitan features. Institutionalization, professionalization and education become the three structural dimensions essential to the understanding of the historical and identity characteristics of the Portuguese designer’s social creation. The “institutionalization” focuses the National Institute of Industrial Research (INII) aim which, through the renewal of aesthetic products, encourages the modernization of the Portuguese industry. The “professionalization” refers Daciano da Costa’s collaboration with the Metallurgical Longra as the one which contributed the most to the consolidation of the profession, considering the use of assertive and methodological design and that designer’s contributions in establishing the professional basis of legitimating and hegemony. The dimension “education” questions why the institutionalization did not occur simultaneously with the opening of higher education in design: teaching was informal and it was only in 1974 that the foundation for its formalization at the Colleges of Fine Arts of Lisbon and Oporto occurred. The research consists of three parts. In the first one, the conceptual and historical framework, based on a review of the literature, is made. In the second, the research objectives are developed and the analysis model for the study of this issue of design institutionalization is presented. In the last part - the empirical component –the proposed methodology is applied through study cases, involving an analysis of interviews and selected documents. In the conclusion, the adequacy of the analysis model to the study of the institutionalization of Portuguese design in the referred time period is evaluated.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Belas-Artes (Design), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Belas-Artes, 2011
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2011 Teoria do design Design História Ensino profissional Portugal