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Publication
Maneio dos leitões no período peri-desmame
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Authors
Abstract(s)
O desmame é uma das etapas mais complexas na produção suinícola e com mais influência nos resultados finais, sendo relevante confrontar as diferentes opções de maneio nesta fase e o seu impacto no desempenho produtivo dos suínos.
Durante o período de seis meses acompanhou-se numa exploração o desmame de 13 grupos de leitões com idade próxima de quatro semanas e o desmame de um grupo com idade próxima das três semanas, totalizando 5874 leitões. Observaram-se ainda alguns desmames parciais que ocorreram em simultâneo. Os leitões foram reagrupados por tamanhos e a sua adaptação ao pós-desmame foi analisada recorrendo à observação visual de diferentes parâmetros: tamanho, aspeto, vivacidade, apetência, estado hígido e comportamentos associados ao stress.
Os leitões maiores e mais velhos demonstraram mais comportamentos agressivos mas uma melhor evolução no pós-desmame e uma maior facilidade de adaptação. Os leitões mais jovens exibiram mais comportamentos associados ao stress, mais problemas sanitários indicadores de uma menor capacidade imunitária, menor ingestão de alimento e, em geral, maior dificuldade de adaptação ao pós-desmame.
O recurso a desmames faseados proporcionou resultados que ficaram aquém das vantagens descritas na literatura.
Foi possível concluir que, mesmo perante condições confortáveis de pós-desmame, há vantagem no desmame às quatro semanas em relação ao desmame às três semanas, com reflexos evidentes no crescimento dos leitões.
ABSTRACT - Weaning is one of the most complex moments in pig production, having the highest impact on the final production results, becoming relevant to evaluate the different weaning options and its impact on pig’s performance. During a six months period on a pig farm, the weaning of 13 groups of piglets at near four weeks of age and one other group around three weeks was followed, on the total of 5874 piglets. Some partial weanings that occurred simultaneously were also observed. The piglets were regrouped by sizes and their postweaning adaptation was assessed through visual observation of size, appearance, vigor, appetite, health status and behaviors associated with stress. The biggest and oldest piglets showed a more aggressive behavior, but also a better postweaning performance and an easier adaptation to the new environment. The smallest and youngest piglets exhibited more behaviors associated with stress, more health problems indicating a less immune maturity, lower intake and, in general, a more difficult adaptation to postweaning. Results of partial weanings were below those described in the literature. It was possible to conclude that, even with confortable postweaning conditions, the four weeks old weaning showed better results than the three weeks old weaning, with clear reflexes on the piglets growth.
ABSTRACT - Weaning is one of the most complex moments in pig production, having the highest impact on the final production results, becoming relevant to evaluate the different weaning options and its impact on pig’s performance. During a six months period on a pig farm, the weaning of 13 groups of piglets at near four weeks of age and one other group around three weeks was followed, on the total of 5874 piglets. Some partial weanings that occurred simultaneously were also observed. The piglets were regrouped by sizes and their postweaning adaptation was assessed through visual observation of size, appearance, vigor, appetite, health status and behaviors associated with stress. The biggest and oldest piglets showed a more aggressive behavior, but also a better postweaning performance and an easier adaptation to the new environment. The smallest and youngest piglets exhibited more behaviors associated with stress, more health problems indicating a less immune maturity, lower intake and, in general, a more difficult adaptation to postweaning. Results of partial weanings were below those described in the literature. It was possible to conclude that, even with confortable postweaning conditions, the four weeks old weaning showed better results than the three weeks old weaning, with clear reflexes on the piglets growth.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária
Keywords
Desmame Idade ao desmame Desmame parcial Maneio Leitão Weaning Weaning age Partial weaning Husbandry Piglets
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Nunes, T.M.P. (2014). Maneio dos leitões no período peri-desmame. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária