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Entre a luz e a sombra
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Resumo(s)
A cidade da Beira situada em Moçambique insere-se num contexto de uma extensa linha costeira, possuindo uma frente portuária estratégica para todo o país. Foi e continua a ser um forte ponto de atividade portuária e de serviços ferroviários. No entanto, apesar de possuir um elevado potencial, tanto a nível económico, como político são várias as adversidades a nível da construção urbana que a tornam um lugar esquecido no tempo. No ano de 2019 a cidade da Beira foi vítima de um furacão que a deixou em estado de calamidade com cerca de 90% da suas estruturas danificadas, desacelerando, assim, o seu crescimento urbano e social.
Neste Projeto Final de Mestrado procurou-se estudar soluções de reconfiguração de uma cidade que se encontra num longo processo de desenvolvimento, agarrada a características passadas ainda presentes. A cidade planeada no passado aprendeu a coexistir com um crescimento acelarado da população provocando uma construção rápida e informal. Neste sentido, pretende-se realizar uma proposta de intervenção urbana capaz de requalificar e unir um território que sofreu vítima do furacão e responder às suas carências atuais.
Apesar da forte herança arquitetónica deixada ao longo dos anos na cidade, a falta de equipamentos sociais e culturais, que proporcionem vivências e trocas de experiências humanas, levou à procura de integrar um novo centro urbano estratégico para a cidade, em consonância com o desenho de um equipamento de encontro e trocas sociais e de um novo bairro habitacional. Estes exploram o apelo à cultura como meio de formação da população e à possibilidade de consolidar certas descontinuidades, proporcionando a participação ativa da população numa nova centralidade assente em valores de comunidade e identidade.
Com o propósito de reconstruir a cidade, sem deixar para trás a sua identidade, o presente trabalho parte dos conceitos que valorizam a vida entre os edifícios e os princípios da arquitetura tradicional moçambicana. Ao longo de todo este Projeto procurou-se sempre integrar os conceitos de luz e sombra como pressupostos no ato de projetar. O novo plano urbano em conformidade com o equipamento comunitário e o bairro habitacional, explora o apelo a um novo ideal de habitar a cidade, através das diferentes escalas urbanas, o apela à cultura característica do lugar e consolida certas descontinuidades que este território africano enfrenta ainda nos dias que correm.
ABSTRACT: The city of Beira located in Mozambique is inserted in a context of an extensive coastline, having a strategic port front for the whole country. It was and continues to be a strong point of port activity and rail services. However, despite having a high potential, both economically and politically, there are several adversities in terms of urban construction that make it a place forgotten in time. In 2019 the city of Beira was victim of a hurricane that left it in a state of calamity with about 90% of its structures damaged, thus slowing down its urban and social growth. In this Final Master Project we tried to study solutions for reconfiguring a city that is in a long process of development, clinging to past characteristics still present. The city planned in the past learned to coexist with an accelerated population growth causing a fast and informal construction. In this sense, we intend to carry out an urban intervention proposal capable of requalifying and uniting a territory that has suffered from the hurricane and respond to its current needs. Despite the strong architectural heritage left over the years in the city, the lack of social and cultural equipments, which provide experiences and exchanges of human experiences, led to the search to integrate a new strategic urban center for the city, in line with the design of an equipment for meeting and social exchanges and a new residential neighborhood. These explore the appeal of culture as a means of training the population and the possibility of consolidating certain discontinuities, providing the active participation of the population in a new centrality based on community and identity values. With the purpose of rebuilding the city, without leaving behind its identity, the present work starts from concepts that value life between buildings and the principles of traditional Mozambican architecture. Throughout this project we always tried to integrate the concepts of light and shadow as assumptions in the act of designing. The new urban plan in accordance with the community equipment and the housing neighborhood, explores the appeal to a new ideal of inhabiting the city, through the different urban scales, the appeal to the characteristic culture of the place and consolidates certain discontinuities that this African territory still faces nowadays.
ABSTRACT: The city of Beira located in Mozambique is inserted in a context of an extensive coastline, having a strategic port front for the whole country. It was and continues to be a strong point of port activity and rail services. However, despite having a high potential, both economically and politically, there are several adversities in terms of urban construction that make it a place forgotten in time. In 2019 the city of Beira was victim of a hurricane that left it in a state of calamity with about 90% of its structures damaged, thus slowing down its urban and social growth. In this Final Master Project we tried to study solutions for reconfiguring a city that is in a long process of development, clinging to past characteristics still present. The city planned in the past learned to coexist with an accelerated population growth causing a fast and informal construction. In this sense, we intend to carry out an urban intervention proposal capable of requalifying and uniting a territory that has suffered from the hurricane and respond to its current needs. Despite the strong architectural heritage left over the years in the city, the lack of social and cultural equipments, which provide experiences and exchanges of human experiences, led to the search to integrate a new strategic urban center for the city, in line with the design of an equipment for meeting and social exchanges and a new residential neighborhood. These explore the appeal of culture as a means of training the population and the possibility of consolidating certain discontinuities, providing the active participation of the population in a new centrality based on community and identity values. With the purpose of rebuilding the city, without leaving behind its identity, the present work starts from concepts that value life between buildings and the principles of traditional Mozambican architecture. Throughout this project we always tried to integrate the concepts of light and shadow as assumptions in the act of designing. The new urban plan in accordance with the community equipment and the housing neighborhood, explores the appeal to a new ideal of inhabiting the city, through the different urban scales, the appeal to the characteristic culture of the place and consolidates certain discontinuities that this African territory still faces nowadays.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Arquitetura com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
Palavras-chave
Arquitetura tropical Requalificação Comunidade Cidade da Beira Arquitetura de intervenção Tropical architecture Requalification Community City of Beira Architecture of intervention
Contexto Educativo
Citação
PINTO, Ana Ferreira da Fonseca - Entre a luz e a sombra : Centro Cultural e Habitação na Cidade da Beira, Moçambique. - Lisboa : FA, 2021. Dissertação de Mestrado.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura