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Perfil parasitológico em frangos do campo
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Resumo(s)
A prevalência da maior parte das doenças parasitárias em avicultura dita industrial, tem vindo
a diminuir com o passar dos anos. Uma das principais causas para este facto foi o avanço e
evolução que esta actividade teve a nível de maneio, higiene e sistema de produção. Contudo,
em relação à criação de frangos de campo, devido ao modo como é feita essa criação, ao ar
livre a partir de certa idade, as aves podem ficar expostas a um grande número de possíveis
hospedeiros intermediários que veiculam potenciais parasitas, estando assim em teoria, mais
predispostos a desenvolver certas doenças parasitológicas em relação aos frangos criados de
forma industrial. O principal objectivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o perfil parasitológico do
frango do campo através da utilização de diferentes exames parasitológicos.
Diferentes técnicas de diagnóstico (análise fecal e de penas e observação de esfregaços sanguíneos)
foram utilizadas para identificar a fauna parasitológica em 270 amostras (90 de
fezes, 90 de sangue e 90 de penas) colhidas em frangos do campo divididos por três grupos
etários: GE1, desde o dia em que os animais são libertos para o exterior até aos 60 dias; GE2,
desde os 61 dias até aos 75 dias; e GE3, desde os 76 dias até ao abate.
Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que os parasitas mais comuns em frangos do campo
nos distritos de Viseu e Guarda, em Portugal, são protozoários do género Eimeria, sendo a
espécie E. mitis a mais identificada nos três grupos etários; helmintas de ciclo directo tal
como Ascaridia galli principalmente no GE1, Strongyloides avium e Heterakis gallinarum e
hemoparasitas do género Leucocytozoon e Plasmodium. O género Plasmodium foi o
hemoparasita mais frequentemente observado nos três grupos etários, especialmente no GE1 e
GE2 e foi mais frequente observado em frangas. Em relação aos ectoparasitas, a observação
directa não permitiu a visualização de nenhum parasita, quer nas penas quer na pele. No
entanto, observaram-se várias penas que possuíam sinais da acção das mandíbulas de piolhos
malófagos.
Este trabalho, pioneiro na avicultura extensiva de frangos de campo em Portugal, pretendeu
contribuir para o conhecimento das parasitoses que afectam estes animais de produção e para
a profilaxia das mesmas.
ABSTRACT - Parasitological profile in free range chickens - The prevalence of most parasitic diseases in poultry seems to have been reduced significantly in indoor poultry production, due to improved housing, hygiene and management. However, parasitic diseases continue to be of great importance in free-range systems mainly because of their production system. The theoretical probability of free range chickens having parasites is high because of their relative freedom and exposure to intermediate hosts or vectors which can carry parasites. The objective of this study was to characterize a parasitological profile in free range chickens. In this study a number of different parasitological diagnostic techniques (e.g. fecal material examination, feather examination, blood smears) were used to discover both the internal and external parasitological burdens in a selection of 270 samples (90 of faecal material, 90 blood smears and 90 samples for feather examination) from free range chickens divided into three age groups: GE1, from the day chickens are released to the exterior park until 60 days of age; GE2, from 61 days to 75 days of age and GE3, from 76 days until slaughter. The results show that the most common parasite to be found in free range chickens in Viseu and Guarda districts (Portugal) is the protozoon Eimeria. E. mitis was the species most commonly found in all ages. Other commonly found parasites are helminths with a direct cycle such as Ascaridia galli (especially in GE1), Strongyloides avium and Heterakis gallinarum and hemoparasites such as Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium. Plasmodium spp was the most frequently seen hemoparasite in all age groups, but was especially prevalent in GE1and GE2, and was also more frequently seen in female chickens. No ectoparasites were seen upon direct examination of certain chickens, and therefore no specific conclusion was reached in this regard. However, signs of chewing lice were noted on the feather samples obtained for examination This study, the first of its kind in free range chickens in Portugal, intended to contribute with a more specific knowledge about their parasites and their prevention.
ABSTRACT - Parasitological profile in free range chickens - The prevalence of most parasitic diseases in poultry seems to have been reduced significantly in indoor poultry production, due to improved housing, hygiene and management. However, parasitic diseases continue to be of great importance in free-range systems mainly because of their production system. The theoretical probability of free range chickens having parasites is high because of their relative freedom and exposure to intermediate hosts or vectors which can carry parasites. The objective of this study was to characterize a parasitological profile in free range chickens. In this study a number of different parasitological diagnostic techniques (e.g. fecal material examination, feather examination, blood smears) were used to discover both the internal and external parasitological burdens in a selection of 270 samples (90 of faecal material, 90 blood smears and 90 samples for feather examination) from free range chickens divided into three age groups: GE1, from the day chickens are released to the exterior park until 60 days of age; GE2, from 61 days to 75 days of age and GE3, from 76 days until slaughter. The results show that the most common parasite to be found in free range chickens in Viseu and Guarda districts (Portugal) is the protozoon Eimeria. E. mitis was the species most commonly found in all ages. Other commonly found parasites are helminths with a direct cycle such as Ascaridia galli (especially in GE1), Strongyloides avium and Heterakis gallinarum and hemoparasites such as Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium. Plasmodium spp was the most frequently seen hemoparasite in all age groups, but was especially prevalent in GE1and GE2, and was also more frequently seen in female chickens. No ectoparasites were seen upon direct examination of certain chickens, and therefore no specific conclusion was reached in this regard. However, signs of chewing lice were noted on the feather samples obtained for examination This study, the first of its kind in free range chickens in Portugal, intended to contribute with a more specific knowledge about their parasites and their prevention.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Avicultura Frango do campo Parasita Eimeria spp Ascaridia galli Plasmodium spp Poultry Free range Parasite
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Baptista, A.F. (2010). Perfil parasitológico em frangos do campo. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária