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A eficácia do Regulamento Europeu da inteligência artificial na proteção dos trabalhadores
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Na presente dissertação de mestrado, analisa-se o Regulamento Europeu da Inteligência Artificial e a sua eficácia na proteção dos direitos dos trabalhadores em Portugal, com enfoque no ordenamento jurídico português. Parte-se da hipótese de que, por ter sido concebido com uma logica geral e supranacional, o Regulamento pode apresentar lacunas quando aplicado ao contexto do trabalho em Portugal. Isso ocorre porque o Regulamento não foi pensado especificamente para os ordenamentos nacionais, mas sim como um instrumento europeu de alcance amplo, o que pode gerar descompassos na sua concretização pratica em matérias que exigem tutela jurídica especifica em razão das suas particularidades, como é o caso dos direitos dos trabalhadores. O estudo inicia-se com a conceitualização da inteligência artificial e a identificação de como esta e aplicada no mundo do trabalho, analisando as suas consequências praticas e os instrumentos jurídicos prévios a entrada em vigor do diploma. Em seguida, examina-se a estrutura normativa do Regulamento Europeu, com destaque para a classificação dos sistemas de IA, os deveres atribuídos a empregadores e as garantias previstas aos trabalhadores, alem da articulação com os princípios fundamentais do Direito do Trabalho. No terceiro capítulo, a analise centra-se na eficácia do Regulamento da Inteligência Artificial, a partir da construção teórica do conceito de eficácia no Direito e da avaliação empírica do desempenho normativo do Regulamento em diferentes dimensões: jurídica, institucional, cultural e pratica. São identificados os principais obstáculos a sua efetivação no contexto português, incluindo deficiências normativas, e operacionais. Por fim, são propostas estratégias de aprimoramento que visam fortalecer a eficácia futura do Regulamento, promovendo um ambiente laboral que alie inovação tecnológica e proteção efetiva dos direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores.
In this master’s dissertation, the European Artificial Intelligence Regulation is analyzed, particularly its effectiveness in protecting workers’ rights in Portugal, with a focus on the Portuguese legal framework. It is assumed that, because it was conceived with a general and supranational logic, the Regulation may present gaps when applied to the Portuguese labor context. This is because the Regulation was not specifically designed for national legal systems, but rather as a broad-reaching European instrument, which can lead to mismatches in its practical implementation in areas that require specific legal protection due to their particularities, such as labor rights. The study begins with the conceptualization of artificial intelligence and the identification of how it is applied in the world of work, analyzing its practical consequences and the legal instruments that existed prior to the Regulation’s entry into force. Next, the normative structure of the European Regulation is examined, with emphasis on the classification of AI systems, the obligations assigned to employers, and the safeguards provided to workers, as well as its articulation with the fundamental principles of Labor Law. In the third chapter, the analysis focuses on the effectiveness of the Artificial Intelligence Regulation, based on the theoretical construction of the concept of legal effectiveness and the empirical evaluation of the Regulation’s normative performance in different dimensions: legal, institutional, cultural, and practical. The main obstacles to its implementation in the Portuguese context are identified, including normative, operational, and institutional deficiencies. Finally, improvement strategies are proposed to strengthen the future effectiveness of the Regulation, fostering a labor environment that combines technological innovation with the effective protection of workers’ fundamental rights.
In this master’s dissertation, the European Artificial Intelligence Regulation is analyzed, particularly its effectiveness in protecting workers’ rights in Portugal, with a focus on the Portuguese legal framework. It is assumed that, because it was conceived with a general and supranational logic, the Regulation may present gaps when applied to the Portuguese labor context. This is because the Regulation was not specifically designed for national legal systems, but rather as a broad-reaching European instrument, which can lead to mismatches in its practical implementation in areas that require specific legal protection due to their particularities, such as labor rights. The study begins with the conceptualization of artificial intelligence and the identification of how it is applied in the world of work, analyzing its practical consequences and the legal instruments that existed prior to the Regulation’s entry into force. Next, the normative structure of the European Regulation is examined, with emphasis on the classification of AI systems, the obligations assigned to employers, and the safeguards provided to workers, as well as its articulation with the fundamental principles of Labor Law. In the third chapter, the analysis focuses on the effectiveness of the Artificial Intelligence Regulation, based on the theoretical construction of the concept of legal effectiveness and the empirical evaluation of the Regulation’s normative performance in different dimensions: legal, institutional, cultural, and practical. The main obstacles to its implementation in the Portuguese context are identified, including normative, operational, and institutional deficiencies. Finally, improvement strategies are proposed to strengthen the future effectiveness of the Regulation, fostering a labor environment that combines technological innovation with the effective protection of workers’ fundamental rights.
Descrição
Direito e Ciência Jurídica, 2025
Palavras-chave
Regulamento da Inteligência Artificial Proteção do trabalhador Transparência União Europeia Teses de mestrado - 2025