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Obesidade e cancro do fígado
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O cancro do fígado, no qual o carcinoma hepatocelular é a forma de neoplasia mais prevalente, desenvolve-se principalmente nos hepatócitos, as células hepáticas principais, e nos ductos biliares. É uma das principais causas de morte por cancro em todo o mundo, sendo mais comum no sexo masculino. Os fatores de risco incluem a hepatite crónica (especialmente hepatite B e C), a cirrose hepática, o consumo excessivo de álcool, a diabetes e a obesidade. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio de exames de imagiologia como a tomografia computadorizada, a ressonância magnética e a ecografia, em conjunto com avaliação histológica e bioquímica da função hepática e de marcadores tumorais. O tratamento é determinado pelo estadio da doença e pode envolver procedimentos cirúrgicos, radioterapia, imunoterapia, terapias direcionadas, entre outras opções terapêuticas.
A obesidade representa um fator de risco significativo para o desenvolvimento do cancro do fígado, dado estar associada a diversas alterações metabólicas e inflamatórias que podem contribuir para o surgimento da doença. Esta condição é caracterizada pela acumulação excessiva de gordura corporal, geralmente resultante de um desequilíbrio entre a ingestão calórica e o gasto energético. Trata-se de um problema de saúde global, associado a várias complicações, incluindo diabetes mellitus tipo 2, doenças cardíacas, hipertensão e cancro.
A relação entre obesidade e cancro do fígado envolve múltiplos mecanismos, incluindo a resistência à insulina, alterações hormonais e inflamação sistémica. A disseminação da obesidade e da doença do fígado gordo não-alcoólico ou Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) na população em geral, juntamente com o aumento da incidência de carcinoma hepatocelular associado a novos fatores de risco, pode representar um desafio significativo para a saúde pública. Manter um peso saudável, adotar uma dieta equilibrada, praticar atividade física regular e evitar o consumo excessivo de álcool são medidas importantes para reduzir o risco de cancro do fígado e outras complicações relacionadas à obesidade.
Liver cancer, with hepatocellular carcinoma being the most common form of neoplasm, primarily develops in hepatocytes, the main liver cells, and bile ducts. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Risk factors include chronic hepatitis (especially hepatitis B and C), liver cirrhosis, excessive alcohol consumption, diabetes and obesity. Diagnosis involves imaging tests such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound, together with histological evaluation and biochemical assessment of liver function and tumor markers. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease and may include surgical procedures, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapies, among others. Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of liver cancer as it is associated with several metabolic and inflammatory changes that can contribute to the onset of the disease. It is a condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat, generally resulting from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. It is a global health problem and is associated with several complications including type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertension and cancer. The correlation between obesity and liver cancer involves multiple mechanisms including insulin resistance, hormonal changes and systemic inflammation. The spread of obesity and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the general population, and the increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma linked to new risk factors becomes a challenge for public health. Maintaining a healthy weight, adopting a balanced diet, engaging regular physical activity and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption are important measures to reduce the risk of liver cancer and other obesity-related complications.
Liver cancer, with hepatocellular carcinoma being the most common form of neoplasm, primarily develops in hepatocytes, the main liver cells, and bile ducts. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Risk factors include chronic hepatitis (especially hepatitis B and C), liver cirrhosis, excessive alcohol consumption, diabetes and obesity. Diagnosis involves imaging tests such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound, together with histological evaluation and biochemical assessment of liver function and tumor markers. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease and may include surgical procedures, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapies, among others. Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of liver cancer as it is associated with several metabolic and inflammatory changes that can contribute to the onset of the disease. It is a condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat, generally resulting from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. It is a global health problem and is associated with several complications including type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertension and cancer. The correlation between obesity and liver cancer involves multiple mechanisms including insulin resistance, hormonal changes and systemic inflammation. The spread of obesity and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the general population, and the increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma linked to new risk factors becomes a challenge for public health. Maintaining a healthy weight, adopting a balanced diet, engaging regular physical activity and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption are important measures to reduce the risk of liver cancer and other obesity-related complications.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Obesidade Cancro do fígado NAFLD NASH Mestrado Integrado -2023