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A Doença de Stargardt é uma distrofia macular hereditária de início juvenil caracterizada por atrofia macular bilateral, comprometimento da visão central e flecks proeminentes no pólo posterior da retina. É mais frequentemente herdada através de um padrão autossómico recessivo relacionado com mutações no gene ABCA4. A angiografia fluoresceínica é o exame gold standard no diagnóstico da doença. Mostra, em aproximadamente 85% dos doentes, o sinal dark choroid.
Apresenta-se o caso de uma doente de 29 anos de idade, com perda visual progressiva desde os 10 anos a quem foi diagnosticada Doença de Stargardt. À observação apresentava uma melhor acuidade visual corrigida de 1/10 em ambos os olhos. A angiografia fluoresceínica não apresentava o típico sinal dark choroid mas a clínica, em conjunto com os outros exames complementares tais como a retinografia, a avaliação da autofluorescência do fundo ocular (FAF), os exames electrofisiológicos e a Tomografia de Coerência Óptica de Domínio Espectral (SD-OCT) confirmaram a doença.
Os exames complementares realizados à doente são muito úteis no caso de ausência de dark choroid, mas também de um modo geral pois fornecem informação diagnóstica auxiliar importante na abordagem do estádio e prognóstico dos pacientes com a Doença de Stargardt e permitem a sua monitorização. Actualmente não existe cura para a doença.
Stargardt’s Disease is a juvenile-onset hereditary macular dystrophy, characterized by bilateral macular atrophy, central vision impairment and the presence of noticeable flecks in the posterior pole of the retina. Stargardt’s Disease is most frequently inherited as an autossomal-recessive trait due to mutations in the ABCA4 gene. The gold standard medical test used to diagnose this disease is fluorescein angiography, which shows, in up to 85% patients, a dark choroid sign. The reported case depicts a 29 years old woman, with progressive visual loss since the age of 10, diagnosed with Stargardt’s Disease. Ophthalmological evaluation revealed a best corrected visual acuity of 1/10 in both eyes. The fluorescein angiography didn’t show the dark choroid sign, but the symptoms, together with several medical tests, such as retinography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, electrophysiological exams and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) confirmed the diagnosis. These medical tests are very useful in the absence of the dark choroid sign and also give relevant diagnostic information about the management and prognosis of Stargardt’s Disease patients. Currently there is no cure for this disease.
Stargardt’s Disease is a juvenile-onset hereditary macular dystrophy, characterized by bilateral macular atrophy, central vision impairment and the presence of noticeable flecks in the posterior pole of the retina. Stargardt’s Disease is most frequently inherited as an autossomal-recessive trait due to mutations in the ABCA4 gene. The gold standard medical test used to diagnose this disease is fluorescein angiography, which shows, in up to 85% patients, a dark choroid sign. The reported case depicts a 29 years old woman, with progressive visual loss since the age of 10, diagnosed with Stargardt’s Disease. Ophthalmological evaluation revealed a best corrected visual acuity of 1/10 in both eyes. The fluorescein angiography didn’t show the dark choroid sign, but the symptoms, together with several medical tests, such as retinography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, electrophysiological exams and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) confirmed the diagnosis. These medical tests are very useful in the absence of the dark choroid sign and also give relevant diagnostic information about the management and prognosis of Stargardt’s Disease patients. Currently there is no cure for this disease.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015
Palavras-chave
Degeneração macular Oftalmologia
