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Análise de proveniência de matérias-primas líticas da indústria da pedra lascada do povoado calcolítico de S. Mamede (Bombarral)
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Resumo(s)
Na sequência das campanhas de escavação de 2000, 2001 e 2002 no Outeiro de S. Mamede, depois das tarefas de tratamento, inventariação e descrição tipológica, seleccionou-se uma parte dos materiais recolhidos – a indústria de pedra lascada – que se tornou objecto de um conjunto de interrogações, das quais, “qual a validade do seu contexto de deposição?” e “qual o tipo e origem das matérias-primas?” constituíram o esqueleto do presente trabalho. Foi efectuada uma avaliação do valor crono-estratigráfico dos contextos, que nos apontou para um intervalo de tempo no Calcolítico. Uma vez resolvida a natureza dos dados e elaborada a descrição tecno-tipológica do conjunto lítico, foram caracterizadas as respectivas matérias-primas, distinguindo-se dois grupos – rochas sedimentares e metamórficas - que traduziram diferentes economias de debitagem e distintas estratégias de exploração. A associação das litologias às respectivas áreas de ocorrência, constituiu o início de um trabalho de campo de prospecção de potenciais áreas-fonte. As formações identificadas foram interpretadas no seu contexto deposicional e posteriormente recolhidas amostras. Através da análise conjunta dos materiais arqueológicos e geológicos, de observação macroscópica, nomeadamente a verificação dos atributos cor, textura e tipos de córtex, e microscópica, verificando a composição e arranjo dos seus elementos, foi possível propor um modelo de aprovisionamento de matérias-primas para a indústria lítica talhada de S. Mamede. Com base nas semelhanças e diferenças dos materiais arqueológicos e geológicos, foram definidos sentidos de circulação, com implicações na economia de debitagem do sítio, percorrendo caminhos na paisagem estremenha do 3º milénio a.n.e.
Following the excavation campaigns of 2000, 2001 and 2002 at the Outeiro de S. Mamede, after all processing, inventorying and typological description tasks, one part of the collected materials was chosen – that of flaked stone industry – and became the subject of a set of questions. Among these, “to what extent is its context of deposition valid?”, “what type do these raw materials belong to?” and “which was their origin?” – constituted the skeleton of the present work. An estimation of the chrono-stratigraphic value of the contexts was made which directed us towards a lapse of time during the Calcolithic. The nature of data having been resolved and the techno-typological description of the lithic collection elaborated, there were then characterized the respective raw materials while distinguishing two groups – sedimentary and metamorphic rocks – which corresponded to different debitage economies and distinct exploitation strategies. Associating lithologies to the respective areas of occurrence was just the beginning of a field-work on prospecting potential source areas. The identified formations were interpreted within their depositional context and later on samples were collected. By means of analysing both archeological and geologic materials through macroscopic observation - namely verifying attributes of colour, texture and types of cortex - and microscopic - verifying the composition and arrangement of their elements - it was then possible to propose a model of supplying for the lithic flaked industry of S. Mamede. Having based upon the similarities and differences of the archeological and geologic materials, there could be defined some ways of circulation with implications for the debitage economy of the site, travelling along the landscape of Estremadura in the 3rd millennium BC.
Following the excavation campaigns of 2000, 2001 and 2002 at the Outeiro de S. Mamede, after all processing, inventorying and typological description tasks, one part of the collected materials was chosen – that of flaked stone industry – and became the subject of a set of questions. Among these, “to what extent is its context of deposition valid?”, “what type do these raw materials belong to?” and “which was their origin?” – constituted the skeleton of the present work. An estimation of the chrono-stratigraphic value of the contexts was made which directed us towards a lapse of time during the Calcolithic. The nature of data having been resolved and the techno-typological description of the lithic collection elaborated, there were then characterized the respective raw materials while distinguishing two groups – sedimentary and metamorphic rocks – which corresponded to different debitage economies and distinct exploitation strategies. Associating lithologies to the respective areas of occurrence was just the beginning of a field-work on prospecting potential source areas. The identified formations were interpreted within their depositional context and later on samples were collected. By means of analysing both archeological and geologic materials through macroscopic observation - namely verifying attributes of colour, texture and types of cortex - and microscopic - verifying the composition and arrangement of their elements - it was then possible to propose a model of supplying for the lithic flaked industry of S. Mamede. Having based upon the similarities and differences of the archeological and geologic materials, there could be defined some ways of circulation with implications for the debitage economy of the site, travelling along the landscape of Estremadura in the 3rd millennium BC.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Geoarqueologia, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2010
Palavras-chave
Calcolítico da Estremadura Geoarqueologia Matérias-primas líticas Sílex Áreas-fonte Teses de mestrado - 2010