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Avaliação do efeito de Trichoderma harzianum na cultura da cenoura
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Este trabalho visou avaliar o efeito da aplicação de Trichoderma harzianum estirpe T22 do produto Trianum G© em campos de cenoura, analisando o efeito na população microbiana do solo, nomeadamente na abundância de fungos dos géneros Pythium e Phytophthora, procurando métodos expeditos para essa avaliação, e na produtividade e qualidade da cenoura.
Instalou-se um ensaio de campo com quatro modalidades: testemunha (M0), 50% (M50), 75% (M75) e 100% (M100) da dose recomendada para a aplicação do produto pertencente à Koppert©. Recolheram-se semanalmente amostras de solo desde a inoculação do solo com T. harzianum T22, e realizaram-se vários testes em laboratório para a avaliação da presença de microrganismos, da biomassa microbiana e da atividade enzimática da desidrogenase (AE) das amostras de solo ao longo do tempo. As cenouras das várias modalidades do ensaio foram avaliadas ao nível da produtividade e qualidade.
Os resultados obtidos mostram que a não aplicação de T. harzianum originou cenouras de menor qualidade, com maior taxa de refugo, e que a inoculação do solo com este fungo reduziu a população de fungos fitopatogénicos na rizosfera. A utilização de meios seletivos mostrou que M0 é simultaneamente a modalidade com menor número de colónias de T. harzianum e maior número de colónias de fungos fitopatogénicos, sugerindo um efeito benéfico do agente antagonista. Ao nível da AE, M0 apresenta valores mais elevados, sugerindo uma maior atividade microbiana global no solo da zona não tratada, sendo que a maior concentração do agente antagonista não resultou em menores valores de AE. O estudo da AE in vivo evidenciou o efeito do tratamento ao longo do tempo, tendo as amostras de solo mais próximas da data de aplicação de T. harzianum maiores níveis de AE.
A avaliação da atividade enzimática in vivo e a utilização de meios seletivos mostraram-se ferramentas úteis para implementação em contexto empresarial
The main focus of this work was to evaluate the effects of the treatment with Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 of the product Trianum G© in carrot fields, analyzing the effects on the soil microbiological population, namely the abundance of Pythium and Phytophthora fungi, as well as to search for prompt methods to do this evaluation, and in the productivity and quality of carrots. A field trial was installed consisting in four different modalities: control (M0), 50% (M50), 75% (M75) and 100% (M100) of the recommendation of application of the product property of Koppert©. Weekly soil collections were carried out since the date of soil inoculation with T. harzianum T22 and various laboratory tests were realized to assess the presence of microorganisms, microbial biomass and enzymatic activity (EA) over time. The productivity and quality of carrots of the different modalities was evaluated. The results show that the control modality (M0) originated carrots with poorer quality and a higher product quantity that did not reach minimum commercial quality parameters. The application of this product demonstrated positive effect on the reduction of phytopathogenic fungi. Concerning the selective medium tests, M0 revealed to be simultaneously the modality with lower number of T. harzianum colonies and higher number of phytopathogenic colonies, suggesting a positive effect of the antagonistic agent. Regarding the EA, M0 shows higher levels which suggests higher global microbial activity, and higher concentration of application of T. harzianum didn’t result in lower EA. The study of EA in vivo was useful to observe the effects of the application throughout time, in which the soil samples collected closer to the date of the realization of the treatment showed higher EA. The assessment of EA in vivo and the use of selective medium demonstrated to be useful tools to be implemented in business context
The main focus of this work was to evaluate the effects of the treatment with Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 of the product Trianum G© in carrot fields, analyzing the effects on the soil microbiological population, namely the abundance of Pythium and Phytophthora fungi, as well as to search for prompt methods to do this evaluation, and in the productivity and quality of carrots. A field trial was installed consisting in four different modalities: control (M0), 50% (M50), 75% (M75) and 100% (M100) of the recommendation of application of the product property of Koppert©. Weekly soil collections were carried out since the date of soil inoculation with T. harzianum T22 and various laboratory tests were realized to assess the presence of microorganisms, microbial biomass and enzymatic activity (EA) over time. The productivity and quality of carrots of the different modalities was evaluated. The results show that the control modality (M0) originated carrots with poorer quality and a higher product quantity that did not reach minimum commercial quality parameters. The application of this product demonstrated positive effect on the reduction of phytopathogenic fungi. Concerning the selective medium tests, M0 revealed to be simultaneously the modality with lower number of T. harzianum colonies and higher number of phytopathogenic colonies, suggesting a positive effect of the antagonistic agent. Regarding the EA, M0 shows higher levels which suggests higher global microbial activity, and higher concentration of application of T. harzianum didn’t result in lower EA. The study of EA in vivo was useful to observe the effects of the application throughout time, in which the soil samples collected closer to the date of the realization of the treatment showed higher EA. The assessment of EA in vivo and the use of selective medium demonstrated to be useful tools to be implemented in business context
Descrição
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica / Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Universidade de Lisboa
Palavras-chave
antagonista meios seletivos desidrogenase qualidade controlo biológico antagonist selective medium dehydrogenase quality biological control
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Ferreira, R.C.P. - Avaliação do efeito de Trichoderma harzianum na cultura da cenoura. Lisboa: ISA, 2022, 67 p.