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Resumo(s)
A presente dissertação propõe-se a estudar as Organizações Autônomas Descentralizadas (DAOs), que objetivam ser um novo modelo de organização existente apenas em um ambiente virtual, cuja existência somente é possível graças ao desenvolvimento tecnológico proporcionado pela blockchain, que lhes garante a descentralização de estrutura e governo, e dos smart contracts, fundamentais para a tomada de decisões automatizadas e sem interferência humana. Diferentemente das estruturas societárias tradicionais, as DAOs funcionam sem uma autoridade central de comando ou controle, com o governo realizado de comunitária pelos seus membros, muitas vezes anônimos e distribuídos globalmente, e através de tomada de decisões autônomas, em conformidade com as regras dispostas em seu código de programação. Em razão da maioria dos ordenamentos não atribuir às DAOs qualquer qualificação jurídica, estas acabam sendo enquadradas como sociedades civis (partnerships), acarretando insegurança jurídica. Isso porque, tal enquadramento, na maior parte das vezes, impedem-nas de adquirir personalidade jurídica, além de haver atribuição de regime de responsabilização solidária e ilimitada de seus membros. A pesquisa indica a necessidade de uma regulamentação legal específica para as DAOs, mas considera que qualificá-las como sociedades comercias não é a solução mais indicada, já que a ausência de sócios formalmente constituídos e de um órgão central de administração, além da governança descentralizada são fatores que dificultam seu enquadramento nos modelos societários tradicionais. Ao final, conclui-se que visando a preservação das características essenciais das DAOs e propiciar o desenvolvimento, com segurança jurídica, de projetos a estas associados, deve haver a criação de um regime normativo específico, qualificando-as como uma nova figura jurídica, de forma a garantir-lhes reconhecimento formal mediante atribuição de personalidade jurídica, estabelecimento de regras de governança que preservem a descentralização e autonomia das decisões, além de proteção aos seus membros através de regime próprio de garantia de credores.
This dissertation aims to study Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), which seek to establish a new organizational model that exists solely in a virtual environment, and whose existence is only possible tanks by technological development provided by blockchain, which ensures the decentralization of their structure and governance, and smart contracts, which are essential for automated decision-making without human interference. Unlike traditional corporate structures, DAOs operate without a central authority of command or control, with governance being carried out collectively by their members — often anonymous and globally distributed — and through autonomous decision-making in accordance with the rules set in their code. Since most legal systems do not attribute any specific legal qualification to DAOs, they often end up being classified as civil partnerships, leading to legal uncertainty. This classification, in most cases, prevents DAOs from acquiring legal personality and subjects their members to a regime of joint and unlimited liability. The research indicates the need for specific legal regulation for DAOs, but considers that classifying them as commercial companies is not the most appropriate solution, since the absence of formally constituted partners or a central management body, in addition to decentralized governance are key factors that hinder their classification under traditional corporate models. Ultimately, the study concludes that, in order to preserve the essential characteristics of DAOs and enable the development, with legal certainty, of projects associated with them, a specific regulatory framework should be created, in order to guarantee them formal recognition through the attribution of legal personality, the establishment of governance rules that preserve the decentralization and autonomy of decisions, in addition to the protection of their members through a specific creditor guarantee regime.
This dissertation aims to study Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), which seek to establish a new organizational model that exists solely in a virtual environment, and whose existence is only possible tanks by technological development provided by blockchain, which ensures the decentralization of their structure and governance, and smart contracts, which are essential for automated decision-making without human interference. Unlike traditional corporate structures, DAOs operate without a central authority of command or control, with governance being carried out collectively by their members — often anonymous and globally distributed — and through autonomous decision-making in accordance with the rules set in their code. Since most legal systems do not attribute any specific legal qualification to DAOs, they often end up being classified as civil partnerships, leading to legal uncertainty. This classification, in most cases, prevents DAOs from acquiring legal personality and subjects their members to a regime of joint and unlimited liability. The research indicates the need for specific legal regulation for DAOs, but considers that classifying them as commercial companies is not the most appropriate solution, since the absence of formally constituted partners or a central management body, in addition to decentralized governance are key factors that hinder their classification under traditional corporate models. Ultimately, the study concludes that, in order to preserve the essential characteristics of DAOs and enable the development, with legal certainty, of projects associated with them, a specific regulatory framework should be created, in order to guarantee them formal recognition through the attribution of legal personality, the establishment of governance rules that preserve the decentralization and autonomy of decisions, in addition to the protection of their members through a specific creditor guarantee regime.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Direito e Ciência Jurídica, 2025, Faculdade de Direito, Universidade de Lisboa
Palavras-chave
Direito comercial Blockchain Smart contracts Organizações autónomas descentralizadas Regulamentação Teses de mestrado - 2025
