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Fitoterapia no tratamento das infeções urinárias
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Abstract(s)
As infeções do trato urinário são o processo infecioso com maior incidência em meio hospitalar e o segundo mais prevalente na comunidade, afetando cerca de 150 milhões de pessoas por ano em todo o mundo. Embora a maioria destas infeções sejam agudas e de curta duração, estas impactam negativamente a qualidade de vida dos doentes, afetando a qualidade das suas relações sociais bem como a sua autoestima, para além de interferirem com a sua capacidade de trabalho. Ademais, estas levam ainda a um aumento dos custos associados aos cuidados de saúde principalmente devido a consultas frequentes, testes de diagnóstico e terapêutica prescrita.
O tratamento das infeções urinárias é frequentemente realizado com recurso aos antibióticos. Contudo, o uso irracional e abusivo dos agentes antimicrobianos conduz a um crescente e preocupante número de resistências, o que torna emergente o uso de terapêuticas alternativas para a prevenção e tratamento destas infeções, nas quais se inclui a fitoterapia.
Neste sentido, a presente monografia pretende abordar e explorar os produtos à base de plantas como uma alternativa eficaz para a prevenção e tratamento das infeções do trato urinário. Assim, numa primeira instância são apresentados os vários aspetos desta patologia incluindo a sua definição, classificação, epidemiologia e etiologia, bem como os seus fatores de risco, as suas principais vias de infeção e patogénese, os seus sinais e sintomas mais frequentes, os custos associados à sua recorrência, os seus métodos de diagnóstico e opções terapêuticas. Seguidamente, é apresentado o importante papel da fitoterapia na prevenção e no tratamento das infeções do trato urinário como uma alternativa ao uso indiscriminado de antibióticos, dando-se especial atenção ao Arando Americano por apresentar uma maior eficácia e segurança para esta patologia. Posto isto, nesta monografia é ainda destacado o papel essencial dos farmacêuticos nas farmácias comunitárias na promoção da adesão a esta alternativa, tendo em vista a diminuição das resistências antimicrobianas e o aumento da qualidade de vida dos doentes.
Urinary tract infections are the most incident nosocomial infectious disease and the second most prevailing in the community, affecting about 150 million people per year worldwide. Even though most of these infections are acute and short-term, these have a negative impact on patients’ quality of live, affecting the quality of their social relationships as well as their self-esteem and their work capacity. Furthermore, these are associated with a raise in healthcare costs mainly due to frequent appointments, diagnostic tests and prescribed therapy. Urinary tract infections’ treatment is usually accomplished by using antibiotics. However, the irrational and repetitive use of antimicrobial agents leads to a growing and worrisome number of resistances, which makes it imperious to use alternative therapies in order to treat and prevent these infections, in which phytotherapy is included. In this regard, the present monography intends to approach and explore plant-based products as an effective alternative in urinary tract infection ́s prevention and treatment. Therefore, in the first part, the numerous aspects of these pathology are introduced which includes its definition, classification, epidemiology and etiology as well as its risk factors, its primary routes of infection and pathogenesis, its most common signs and symptoms, the costs associated with its recurrence, its diagnostic methods and therapeutic options. Then, the important role phytotherapy plays in the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections as an alternative to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics is demonstrated, with a focus on the Cranberry given the fact that it presents a greater effectiveness and safety in the treatment of this pathology. Therefore, the essential part pharmacists in community pharmacies play in the promotion and adhesion to this alternative in order to reduce the number of resistances to antibiotics and to increase patients’ quality of life is also highlighted in this monography.
Urinary tract infections are the most incident nosocomial infectious disease and the second most prevailing in the community, affecting about 150 million people per year worldwide. Even though most of these infections are acute and short-term, these have a negative impact on patients’ quality of live, affecting the quality of their social relationships as well as their self-esteem and their work capacity. Furthermore, these are associated with a raise in healthcare costs mainly due to frequent appointments, diagnostic tests and prescribed therapy. Urinary tract infections’ treatment is usually accomplished by using antibiotics. However, the irrational and repetitive use of antimicrobial agents leads to a growing and worrisome number of resistances, which makes it imperious to use alternative therapies in order to treat and prevent these infections, in which phytotherapy is included. In this regard, the present monography intends to approach and explore plant-based products as an effective alternative in urinary tract infection ́s prevention and treatment. Therefore, in the first part, the numerous aspects of these pathology are introduced which includes its definition, classification, epidemiology and etiology as well as its risk factors, its primary routes of infection and pathogenesis, its most common signs and symptoms, the costs associated with its recurrence, its diagnostic methods and therapeutic options. Then, the important role phytotherapy plays in the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections as an alternative to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics is demonstrated, with a focus on the Cranberry given the fact that it presents a greater effectiveness and safety in the treatment of this pathology. Therefore, the essential part pharmacists in community pharmacies play in the promotion and adhesion to this alternative in order to reduce the number of resistances to antibiotics and to increase patients’ quality of life is also highlighted in this monography.
Description
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Keywords
Infeções do trato urinário Plantas medicinais Fitoterapia Tratamento Arando americano Mestrado Integrado - 2023