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Até que a morte os separe: Estudo comparativo dos casamentos infantis no Brasil e na Síria (2010-2020): causas e respostas políticas internacionais
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Resumo(s)
Casamento infantil é um problema global, que desconhece limites geográficos e ultrapassa os estereótipos de filiação religiosa. Os direitos humanos, como condição fundamental de mudança e impacto internacional, ainda são tratados marginalmente no contexto de Relações Internacionais. Globalmente, 1 em cada 5 meninas estão casadas com menos de 18 anos completos. As convenções e acordos globais de proteção à infância proíbem o casamento infantil, e governos vêm se comprometendo a acabar com a prática. Todavia, este fenômeno continua a ocorrer em grande escala. Através de estudo de caso descritivo e comparação de base sincrônica, a dissertação explora os motivos socioeconômicos que impulsionam o casamento infantil, suplantando as noções de proibição das normas, e compara suas consequências nos âmbitos social, econômico e cultural, no Brasil e Síria. Tais países foram escolhidos como forma de analisar como os impulsionadores atuam e impactam campos basilarmente distintos: Um em situação de conflito, outro de paz; um de maioria cristã, outro de maioria islã; um considerado ocidental, o outro oriental; cada qual com suas tradições. Tal escolha não busca estabelecer uma generalização dos resultados para países próximos/semelhantes, mas meramente fornecer um insight mais amplo, abrangendo diferentes regiões. Dentre outras coisas, busca-se entender se o casamento infantil pode ser relativizado para abranger diferentes realidades culturais, ou se sua natureza é inerentemente nociva ao desenvolvimento das crianças. Analisa-se que, embora fundamentalmente distintos, os motivos que levam crianças a casarem em ambos os países são convergentes, e as consequências se assemelham, notadamente no que tange saúde física e mental, perda de autonomia, abandono escolar e profissional, aumento do ciclo geracional de pobreza. Destacam-se as ações promovidas por entidades internacionais que buscam aumentar a internalização social das normas, de modo a erradicar o casamento infantil.
Child marriage is a global problem that knows no geographical boundaries and goes beyond stereotypes of religious affiliation. Human rights, as a fundamental condition of international change and impact, is still marginally treated in the context of International Relations. Globally, 1 in 5 girls are married under 18 years of age. Global child protection conventions and agreements prohibit child marriage, and governments have pledged to end the practice. However, this phenomenon continues to occur on a large scale. Through a descriptive case study and synchronic basis comparison, the dissertation explores the socioeconomic reasons that drive child marriage, overcoming the notions of prohibition of norms, and compares its consequences in the social, economic and cultural spheres, within Brazil and Syria. These countries were chosen as a means to analyze how the drivers act and impact fundamentally different grounds: One within a conflict scenario, another in times of peace; one with a Christian majority, another with a Muslim majority; one considered Western, the other Eastern; each with their traditions. Such choice does not seek to establish a generalization of the results to close/similar countries, but merely to provide a broader insight, covering different regions. Among other things, it seeks to understand whether child marriage can be relativized to encompass different cultural realities, or whether its nature is inherently harmful to children's development. It is analyzed that, although fundamentally different, the reasons that lead children to marry in both countries are converging, and the consequences are similar, notably regarding physical and mental health, loss of autonomy, school and professional abandonment, increase in the cycle generational poverty. We highlight the actions promoted by international entities that seek to increase the social internalization of prohibition norms, in order to eradicate child marriage.
Child marriage is a global problem that knows no geographical boundaries and goes beyond stereotypes of religious affiliation. Human rights, as a fundamental condition of international change and impact, is still marginally treated in the context of International Relations. Globally, 1 in 5 girls are married under 18 years of age. Global child protection conventions and agreements prohibit child marriage, and governments have pledged to end the practice. However, this phenomenon continues to occur on a large scale. Through a descriptive case study and synchronic basis comparison, the dissertation explores the socioeconomic reasons that drive child marriage, overcoming the notions of prohibition of norms, and compares its consequences in the social, economic and cultural spheres, within Brazil and Syria. These countries were chosen as a means to analyze how the drivers act and impact fundamentally different grounds: One within a conflict scenario, another in times of peace; one with a Christian majority, another with a Muslim majority; one considered Western, the other Eastern; each with their traditions. Such choice does not seek to establish a generalization of the results to close/similar countries, but merely to provide a broader insight, covering different regions. Among other things, it seeks to understand whether child marriage can be relativized to encompass different cultural realities, or whether its nature is inherently harmful to children's development. It is analyzed that, although fundamentally different, the reasons that lead children to marry in both countries are converging, and the consequences are similar, notably regarding physical and mental health, loss of autonomy, school and professional abandonment, increase in the cycle generational poverty. We highlight the actions promoted by international entities that seek to increase the social internalization of prohibition norms, in order to eradicate child marriage.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais
Palavras-chave
casamento infantil direitos humanos Relações Internacionais desenvolvimento vulnerabilidade socio-econômica infância child marriage human rights International Relations development socio-economic vulnerability childhood
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas