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Relação entre as dimensões culturais e a atividade empreendedora dos Países : evidência dos dados do Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)
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Resumo(s)
Devido à elevada complexidade reconhecida no processo de criação e desenvolvimento de um negócio empreendedor, são já muitos os estudos que procuram responder à grande questão: o que potencia ou estimula verdadeiramente a ação empreendedora? Sabendo que os comportamentos adotados pelo indivíduo são influenciados ou condicionados pela Cultura Nacional do seu país, seria de antecipar que esta poderá representar um significativo preditor da Atividade Empreendedora (AE). Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e aferir em que medida ou em que condições a Cultura Nacional influencia os níveis de AE de cada país. Tendo como base o trabalho científico Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) que caracteriza as sociedades tendo em conta 9 Dimensões Culturais, e utilizando os dados relativos à Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) do Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), confirmou-se neste estudo uma relação significativa entre a Cultura Nacional e a AE. Culturas caracterizadas por: elevada Uncertainty Avoidance (Aversão à Incerteza) e Power Distance (Distância ao Poder), fraco In-group Collectivism (Coletivismo de Grupo) e elevada Performance Orientation (Orientação para a Desempenho) e Humane Orientation (Orientação Humana), potenciam o crescimento da AE. Pretendeu-se também analisar se esta relação significativa se verifica quando a motivação para empreender é justificada pela Necessidade (Necessity-Driven Entrepreneurial Activity). Neste caso, os resultados demonstram que a relação entre as Dimensões Culturais são ainda mais significativas, agregando a relação significativa com mais duas dimensões, elevada Institutional Collectivism (Coletivismo Institucional) e fraca Future Orientation (Orientação para o Futuro).
Due to the high recognized complexity in the process of creation and development of an entrepreneurial business, there are many studies seeking to answer the big question: what truly potentiates or stimulates the entrepreneurial action' Knowing that the behaviors adopted by the individual are influenced or conditioned by its country National Culture, it would be predictable that it can represent a significant predictor of the Entrepreneurial Activity (EA). So, the purpose of this study was to analyze and check in what dimension or in what conditions, the National Culture influences the levels of EA from each country. Based on the scientific work Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE), which characterizes societies base on 9 Cultural Dimensions, and using the data related to the Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), it was confirmed on this study a meaningful relationship between the National Culture and the EA. Cultures characterized by: high Uncertainty Avoidance and Power Distance, weak In-group Collectivism and high Performance Orientation and Humane Orientation, enhance the growth of EA. It was also intended to analyze if this meaningful relationship was confirmed, when the entrepreneurship motivation is justified by the Need (Necessity-Driven Entrepreneurial Activity). In this case, the results show that the relationship between the Cultural Dimensions are even more significant, adding a meaningful relationship with two more cultural dimensions, high Institutional Collectivism and weak Future Orientation.
Due to the high recognized complexity in the process of creation and development of an entrepreneurial business, there are many studies seeking to answer the big question: what truly potentiates or stimulates the entrepreneurial action' Knowing that the behaviors adopted by the individual are influenced or conditioned by its country National Culture, it would be predictable that it can represent a significant predictor of the Entrepreneurial Activity (EA). So, the purpose of this study was to analyze and check in what dimension or in what conditions, the National Culture influences the levels of EA from each country. Based on the scientific work Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE), which characterizes societies base on 9 Cultural Dimensions, and using the data related to the Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), it was confirmed on this study a meaningful relationship between the National Culture and the EA. Cultures characterized by: high Uncertainty Avoidance and Power Distance, weak In-group Collectivism and high Performance Orientation and Humane Orientation, enhance the growth of EA. It was also intended to analyze if this meaningful relationship was confirmed, when the entrepreneurship motivation is justified by the Need (Necessity-Driven Entrepreneurial Activity). In this case, the results show that the relationship between the Cultural Dimensions are even more significant, adding a meaningful relationship with two more cultural dimensions, high Institutional Collectivism and weak Future Orientation.
Descrição
Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
Palavras-chave
Empreendedorismo Atividade Empreendedora Global Entrepreneership Monitor (GEM) Atividade Empreendedora por Necessidade Cultura Nacional Dimensão da Cultura Nacional Projeto GLOBE Entrepreneurship Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) Necessity-Driven Entrepreneurial Activity National Culture Dimensions of National Culture Project GLOBE
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Almeida, Cátia Filipa Roque de (2014). "Relação entre as dimensões culturais e a atividade empreendedora dos Países : evidência dos dados do Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)". Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão