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O bebé imaginário, as memórias dos cuidados parentais e as representações sonoro-musicais na gravidez no estudo da representação da vinculação materna pré-natal e da orientação para a maternidade
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo insere-se no domínio da investigação científica da psicologia da gravidez e da orientação psíquica da maternidade e debruça-se, como objecto de estudo, sobre o construto da representação da vinculação materna pré-natal. Partindo da existência de uma relação dialéctica entre a percepção sensorial e a representação mental e com base na revisão da literatura admitimos, como hipóteses de base, que o construto da representação da vinculação materna pré-natal tenha origem numa natureza: 1- sensorial-afectiva, determinada pela sensibilidade sonoro-musical da mulher grávida; 2- gráfico-projectiva, determinada pela representação gráfica da gravidez e da futura família imaginada; 3- retrospectiva, determinada pelas memórias acerca do relacionamento afectivo da mulher grávida com as suas figuras parentais e 4- intrapsíquica, determinada pelo estilo de orientação para a maternidade, de acordo com o “paradigma placentário” de Raphael-Leff (2009). Com a finalidade de analisarmos as hipóteses de investigação, foram aplicados a um grupo de 211 mulheres grávidas (no segundo e no terceiro trimestres) os seguintes instrumentos de avaliação: Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (Condon, 1993), Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker et al., 1979), Placental Paradigm Questionnaire (Raphael-Leff, 2009) e, ainda, as seguintes escalas, construídas originalmente para este estudo: Escala das Representações Sonoro-Musicais da Gravidez, Escala do Desenho da Gravidez e Escala do Desenho da Futura Família Imaginada. Os resultados obtidos revelam que a representação da vinculação materna pré-natal parece ser influenciada pelo relacionamento com as figuras parentais, pela sensibilidade sonoro-musical e pela orientação materna da mulher grávida, não se registando qualquer relação entre a vinculação materna pré-natal e as variáveis gráfico-projectivas (medidas pelas escalas dos desenhos).
The present study is part of the field of scientific research about psychology of pregnancy and the psychic orientation of maternity, examining the construct of the representation of prenatal maternal attachment. Beginning with the existence of a dialectic relationship between sensory perception and mental representation, and based on an examination of the literature, I take as primary hypotheses that the construct of the representation of prenatal maternal attachment has its origin in: 1. the affective and sensorial domain, determined by the sensitivity of the pregnant woman to sound and music; 2. the graphic-projective domain, determined by the graphic representation of the pregnancy and the imagined future family; 3. the retrospective domain, determined by memories of the affective relationship of the pregnant woman with her parent figures, and 4. the intrapsychic realm, determined by the kind of orientation-towards-maternity, according to the “placental paradigm” conceptualized by Raphael-Leff (2009). With the objective of analysing these research hypotheses, the following means of evaluation were used on a group of 211 pregnant women: Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (Condon, 1993), Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker et al., 1979), Placental Paradigm Questionnaire (Raphael-Leff, 2009) and also the following scales, devised specifically for this study: Scale of Sound and Music Representations in Pregnancy, Pregnancy Drawing Scale and Future Imagined Family Drawing Scale. The results obtained show that the representation of the prenatal maternal attachment, seems to be influenced by the relationship with the parent figures, by sensitivity to sound and music and by the maternal orientation of the pregnant woman, no relationship between the prenatal maternal attachment and the graphic-projective variables (measured by the drawings scales) being observable.
The present study is part of the field of scientific research about psychology of pregnancy and the psychic orientation of maternity, examining the construct of the representation of prenatal maternal attachment. Beginning with the existence of a dialectic relationship between sensory perception and mental representation, and based on an examination of the literature, I take as primary hypotheses that the construct of the representation of prenatal maternal attachment has its origin in: 1. the affective and sensorial domain, determined by the sensitivity of the pregnant woman to sound and music; 2. the graphic-projective domain, determined by the graphic representation of the pregnancy and the imagined future family; 3. the retrospective domain, determined by memories of the affective relationship of the pregnant woman with her parent figures, and 4. the intrapsychic realm, determined by the kind of orientation-towards-maternity, according to the “placental paradigm” conceptualized by Raphael-Leff (2009). With the objective of analysing these research hypotheses, the following means of evaluation were used on a group of 211 pregnant women: Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (Condon, 1993), Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker et al., 1979), Placental Paradigm Questionnaire (Raphael-Leff, 2009) and also the following scales, devised specifically for this study: Scale of Sound and Music Representations in Pregnancy, Pregnancy Drawing Scale and Future Imagined Family Drawing Scale. The results obtained show that the representation of the prenatal maternal attachment, seems to be influenced by the relationship with the parent figures, by sensitivity to sound and music and by the maternal orientation of the pregnant woman, no relationship between the prenatal maternal attachment and the graphic-projective variables (measured by the drawings scales) being observable.
Description
Tese de doutoramento, Psicologia (Psicologia Clínica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2012
Keywords
Gravidez - aspectos psicológicos Vinculação Maternidade Psicologia da música Bébés Teses de doutoramento - 2012