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Deontologia e egoísmo : uma perspectiva sobre a ética animal de Tom Regan
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Resumo(s)
Tom Regan é mundialmente reconhecido como o melhor defensor contemporâneo dos direitos dos animais. Esta dissertação visa salientar as principais virtudes da sua teoria ética, bem como apontar e superar os seus principais defeitos. Num primeiro momento, com o intuito de corroborar muitas das conclusões de Regan sobre a consciência animal, são desenvolvidos analogismos anatómico-fisiológicos e colhidas evidências comportamentais em defesa da tese de que os animais de variadíssimas espécies (muitos dos quais o autor não contempla adequadamente na sua teoria) possuem consciência e que, de entre esses animais, muitos deles possuem capacidades psicofísicas bastante semelhantes às nossas em sofisticação. Num segundo momento, é realçada a importância fundante que o ideal de justiça e a coerência racional assumem no âmbito da ética animal de Regan por via a determinar o estatuto moral dos indivíduos que se revelam susceptíveis de serem afectados pelas nossas acções, sejam eles humanos ou não, em função de possuirem aquelas capacidades psicofísicas apontadas como sendo moralmente relevantes. Atendendo a esse mesmo ideal de justiça e às exigências da coerência racional, é ampliado o universo de consideração moral explorado por Regan, a fim de incluir não só alguns animais, aqueles sobre os quais se debruça o autor, mas também todos os seres vivos. Num último momento, procurando não ignorar as limitações da nossa natureza egoísta, questiono o poder de persuasão da argumentação deontológica de Regan, apostada tão-só em definir os nossos deveres éticos relativamente aos animais. Assim, termino com o apelo a alguns dos mais importantes benefícios humanos que poderíamos auferir a partir do nosso respeito pelos direitos dos animais, benefícios esses que se encontram relacionados com a inversão da actual crise do ambiente.
Tom Regan is world-renowned as the greatest defender of animal rights of our time. This study's purpose is to stress the main virtues of his ethical theory, as well as to point out and overcome its main flaws. First, looking to corroborate many of Regan's conclusions regarding animal consciousness, anatomic and physiological analogies are developed, and behavioral evidence is collected to support the theory that the animals of a large variety of species (many of which the author doesn't properly cover in his theory) possess a consciousness, and that, amongst those animals, many have psicophysical capabilities similar to ours in sophistication. Second, I highlight the importance given to the ideal of justice and rational coherence as the foundations for Regan's animal ethics, used to determine the moral status of the individuals that show themselves susceptible to being affected by our actions due to the fact that they possess those morally relevant psicophysical capabilities, be they human or not. Taking into account the afore-mentioned ideal of justice and the need for rational coherence, the universe of moral consideration explored by Regan is enlarged, so as to include not only the animals covered by the author, but also all living beings. Finally, trying not to ignore the limitations of our selfish nature, I question Regan's ethical arguments' power to persuade, seeing as they limit themselves to defining our moral duties to animals. Therefore, I finish by stressing some of the most important human benefits we could acquire through the respect for animal rights, benefits which are connected to the reversal of the present environmental crisis.
Tom Regan is world-renowned as the greatest defender of animal rights of our time. This study's purpose is to stress the main virtues of his ethical theory, as well as to point out and overcome its main flaws. First, looking to corroborate many of Regan's conclusions regarding animal consciousness, anatomic and physiological analogies are developed, and behavioral evidence is collected to support the theory that the animals of a large variety of species (many of which the author doesn't properly cover in his theory) possess a consciousness, and that, amongst those animals, many have psicophysical capabilities similar to ours in sophistication. Second, I highlight the importance given to the ideal of justice and rational coherence as the foundations for Regan's animal ethics, used to determine the moral status of the individuals that show themselves susceptible to being affected by our actions due to the fact that they possess those morally relevant psicophysical capabilities, be they human or not. Taking into account the afore-mentioned ideal of justice and the need for rational coherence, the universe of moral consideration explored by Regan is enlarged, so as to include not only the animals covered by the author, but also all living beings. Finally, trying not to ignore the limitations of our selfish nature, I question Regan's ethical arguments' power to persuade, seeing as they limit themselves to defining our moral duties to animals. Therefore, I finish by stressing some of the most important human benefits we could acquire through the respect for animal rights, benefits which are connected to the reversal of the present environmental crisis.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Filosofia (Filosofia da Natureza e do Ambiente), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2010
Palavras-chave
Regan, Tom, 1938-2012 Direitos dos animais Deontologia Egoísmo Filosofia do ambiente Teses de doutoramento - 2010