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Soil water balance models for determining crop water and irrigation requirements and irrigation scheduling focusing on the FAO56 method and the dual Kc approach
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Resumo(s)
This study reviews soil water balance (SWB) model approaches to determine crop irrigation requirements and
scheduling irrigation adopting the FAO56 method. The Kc-ETo approach is discussed with consideration of
baseline concepts namely standard vs. actual Kc concepts, as well as single and dual Kc approaches.
Requirements for accurate SWB and appropriate parameterization and calibration are introduced. The one-step
vs. the two-step computational approaches is discussed before the review of the FAO56 method to compute and
partition crop evapotranspiration and related soil water balance. A brief review on transient state models is also
included. Baseline information is concluded with a discussion on yields prediction and performance indicators
related to water productivity. The study is continued with an overview on models development and use after
publication of FAO24, essentially single Kc models, followed by a review on models following FAO56, particularly
adopting the dual Kc approach. Features of dual Kc modeling approaches are analyzed through a few
applications of the SWB model SIMDualKc, mainly for derivation of basal and single Kc, extending the basal Kc
approach to relay intercrop cultivation, assessing alternative planting dates, determining beneficial and nonbeneficial
uses of water by an irrigated crop, and assessing the groundwater contribution to crop ET in the
presence of a shallow water table. The review finally discusses the challenges placed to SWB modeling for real
time irrigation scheduling, particularly the new modeling approaches for large scale multi-users application, use
of cloud computing and adopting the internet of things (IoT), as well as an improved wireless association of
modeling with soil and plant sensors. Further challenges refer to the use of remote sensing energy balance and
vegetation indices to map Kc, ET and crop water and irrigation requirements. Trends are expected to change
research issues relative to SWB modeling, with traditional models mainly used for research while new, fastresponding
and multi-users models based on cloud and IoT technologies will develop into applications to the
farm practice. Likely, the Kc-ETo will continue to be used, with ETo from gridded networks, re-analysis and other
sources, and Kc data available in real time from large databases and remote sensing
Descrição
Palavras-chave
crop coefficients crop evapotranspiration dual Kc approach real time irrigation management water use assessment SIMDualKc model
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Agricultural Water Management 241 (2020) 106357
Editora
Elsevier