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Soil water balance models for determining crop water and irrigation requirements and irrigation scheduling focusing on the FAO56 method and the dual Kc approach
Publication . Pereira, L.S.; Paredes, Paula; Jovanovic, N.
This study reviews soil water balance (SWB) model approaches to determine crop irrigation requirements and
scheduling irrigation adopting the FAO56 method. The Kc-ETo approach is discussed with consideration of
baseline concepts namely standard vs. actual Kc concepts, as well as single and dual Kc approaches.
Requirements for accurate SWB and appropriate parameterization and calibration are introduced. The one-step
vs. the two-step computational approaches is discussed before the review of the FAO56 method to compute and
partition crop evapotranspiration and related soil water balance. A brief review on transient state models is also
included. Baseline information is concluded with a discussion on yields prediction and performance indicators
related to water productivity. The study is continued with an overview on models development and use after
publication of FAO24, essentially single Kc models, followed by a review on models following FAO56, particularly
adopting the dual Kc approach. Features of dual Kc modeling approaches are analyzed through a few
applications of the SWB model SIMDualKc, mainly for derivation of basal and single Kc, extending the basal Kc
approach to relay intercrop cultivation, assessing alternative planting dates, determining beneficial and nonbeneficial
uses of water by an irrigated crop, and assessing the groundwater contribution to crop ET in the
presence of a shallow water table. The review finally discusses the challenges placed to SWB modeling for real
time irrigation scheduling, particularly the new modeling approaches for large scale multi-users application, use
of cloud computing and adopting the internet of things (IoT), as well as an improved wireless association of
modeling with soil and plant sensors. Further challenges refer to the use of remote sensing energy balance and
vegetation indices to map Kc, ET and crop water and irrigation requirements. Trends are expected to change
research issues relative to SWB modeling, with traditional models mainly used for research while new, fastresponding
and multi-users models based on cloud and IoT technologies will develop into applications to the
farm practice. Likely, the Kc-ETo will continue to be used, with ETo from gridded networks, re-analysis and other
sources, and Kc data available in real time from large databases and remote sensing
Characterization and biotechnological potential of extracellular polysaccharides synthesized by Alteromonas strains isolated from French Polynesia marine environments
Publication . Concórdio-Reis, Patrícia; Delgado Alves, Vitor; Moppert, Xavier; Guezennec, Jean; Freitas, Filomena; Reis, Maria A.M.
Marine environments comprise almost three quarters of Earth’s surface, representing
the largest ecosystem of our planet. The vast ecological and metabolic diversity found in marine
microorganisms suggest that these marine resources have a huge potential as sources of novel
commercially appealing biomolecules, such as exopolysaccharides (EPS). Six Alteromonas strains from
different marine environments in French Polynesia atolls were selected for EPS extraction. All the EPS
were heteropolysaccharides composed of different monomers, including neutral monosaccharides
(glucose, galactose, and mannose, rhamnose and fucose), and uronic acids (glucuronic acid and
galacturonic acid), which accounted for up to 45.5 mol% of the EPS compositions. Non-carbohydrate
substituents, such as acetyl (0.5–2.1 wt%), pyruvyl (0.2–4.9 wt%), succinyl (1–1.8 wt%), and sulfate
(1.98–3.43 wt%); and few peptides (1.72–6.77 wt%) were also detected. Thermal analysis demonstrated
that the EPS had a degradation temperature above 260 C, and high char yields (32–53%). Studies
on EPS functional properties revealed that they produce viscous aqueous solutions with a shear
thinning behavior and could form strong gels in two distinct ways: by the addition of Fe2+, or in
the presence of Mg2+, Cu2+, or Ca2+ under alkaline conditions. Thus, these EPS could be versatile
materials for different applications
Insights into the Role of Fungi in Pine Wilt Disease
Publication . Vicente, Cláudia S.L.; Soares, Miguel; Faria, Jorge M.S.; Ramos, Ana Paula; Inácio, Maria L.
Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a complex disease that severely affects the biodiversity and
economy of Eurasian coniferous forests. Three factors are described as the main elements of the
disease: the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the insect‐vector Monochamus
spp., and the host tree, mainly Pinus spp. Nonetheless, other microbial interactors have also been
considered. The study of mycoflora in PWD dates back the late seventies. Culturomic studies have
revealed diverse fungal communities associated with all PWD key players, composed frequently of
saprophytic fungi (i.e., Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichoderma) but also of necrotrophic pathogens
associated with bark beetles, such as ophiostomatoid or blue‐stain fungi. In particular, the
ophiostomatoid fungi often recovered from wilted pine trees or insect pupal chambers/tunnels, are
considered crucial for nematode multiplication and distribution in the host tree. Naturally occurring
mycoflora, reported as possible biocontrol agents of the nematode, are also discussed in this review.
This review discloses the contrasting effects of fungal communities in PWD and highlights
promising fungal species as sources of PWD biocontrol in the framework of sustainable pest
management actions
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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6817 - DCRRNI ID
Número da atribuição
157834