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Responsabilização dos avós no cumprimento da obrigação alimentar relativamente a netos menores de idade
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Abstract(s)
O direito a alimentos encontra-se diretamente vinculado às responsabilidades parentais e resguardado no artigo 36.º, n.º 5 da Constituição da República Portuguesa. É dever dos pais prover o sustento dos filhos, como forma de assegurar a sua dignidade e sobrevivência durante a menoridade.
Não obstante o reconhecimento da importância desse direito, em muitos casos, o progenitor, de forma voluntária ou involuntária, deixa de cumprir este dever definido por acordo parental ou por sentença judicial.
Com o constante inadimplemento da obrigação de prestar alimentos aos filhos menores por parte dos progenitores, observa-se o recorrente recurso das famílias à solidariedade do Estado por meio do Fundo de Garantia de Alimentos Devidos a Menores como forma de resguardar a dignidade e a sobrevivência destas crianças, deixando, desse modo, de se socorrer da solidariedade familiar a que os parentes estão vinculados nos termos do n.º 1, do art.º 2009.º do Código Civil.
Com a presente dissertação abordaremos a posição subsidiária dos avós no dever de prestar alimentos aos netos menores, aquando da impossibilidade dos progenitores, pelo facto de serem os ascendentes de grau mais próximo. Trataremos, também, da aplicação do art.º 2009.º do Código Civil pelos tribunais portugueses nos processos de estabelecimento da prestação de alimentos devidos a menores, quando comprovado o incumprimento do pagamento das prestações por parte do progenitor que a tal se encontra obrigado.
The right to alimony is directly linked to parental responsibilities and consigned in Article 24 of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic. It is the duty of parents to provide for their children as to ensure their dignity and survival during their minority. Despite the recognition of the importance of this right, in many cases the parent voluntarily, or unintentionally, fails to comply with this duty defined by parental agreement, or by judicial sentence. Due to parental recurrent failures to comply with alimony to underage children, we observe that the families frequently recourse to State solidarity through the Alimony Guarantee Fund for Underage Children, as a means to safeguard the dignity and survival of these children, thereby failing to count on family solidarity for such, to which the relatives are bonded in accordance with paragraph 1, art. 2009 of the Civil Code. With this dissertation we will address the subsidiary position of grandparents as far as their duty to provide alimony to their underage grandchildren when the parents are unwilling or unable, on the condition of being the closest ancestors to the underage child/children. We will also address the application of Article 2009.º of the Civil Code by the Portuguese courts in alimony processes due to minors, when proven the non-compliance with instalment payment from the parent obliged to do so.
The right to alimony is directly linked to parental responsibilities and consigned in Article 24 of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic. It is the duty of parents to provide for their children as to ensure their dignity and survival during their minority. Despite the recognition of the importance of this right, in many cases the parent voluntarily, or unintentionally, fails to comply with this duty defined by parental agreement, or by judicial sentence. Due to parental recurrent failures to comply with alimony to underage children, we observe that the families frequently recourse to State solidarity through the Alimony Guarantee Fund for Underage Children, as a means to safeguard the dignity and survival of these children, thereby failing to count on family solidarity for such, to which the relatives are bonded in accordance with paragraph 1, art. 2009 of the Civil Code. With this dissertation we will address the subsidiary position of grandparents as far as their duty to provide alimony to their underage grandchildren when the parents are unwilling or unable, on the condition of being the closest ancestors to the underage child/children. We will also address the application of Article 2009.º of the Civil Code by the Portuguese courts in alimony processes due to minors, when proven the non-compliance with instalment payment from the parent obliged to do so.
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Keywords
Direito da família Responsabilidade parental Obrigação de alimentos Avós Menores Teses de mestrado - 2023