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Imunoterapia no cancro
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Resumo(s)
Atualmente o cancro é uma doença que tem um impacto muito significativo na sociedade. A
investigação na área da Oncologia é incessante e tem como intuito desenvolver terapêuticas que
eliminem o cancro de forma segura e eficaz. A Imunoterapia é uma estratégia inovadora na qual
o sistema imunitário do próprio doente reconhece as células tumorais e elimina-as
seletivamente.
A ativação do sistema imunitário é conseguida por meio de diferentes imunoterapias, tais como,
os anticorpos monoclonais, inibidores do checkpoint imunitário, células CAR-T, entre outros.
Através de mecanismos de ação distintos estas promovem respostas imunológicas robustas e
duradoras que resultam no controlo do crescimento tumoral. As aplicações terapêuticas da
Imunoterapia incluem uma grande variedade de neoplasias tais como, melanoma, cancro do
pulmão, cancro renal e leucemia linfoblástica aguda. A Imunoterapia tem demonstrado imenso
potencial na melhoria da sobrevivência e qualidade de vida dos doentes, assim como, nas
respostas duradoras aos tratamentos.
Apesar do sucesso alcançado, a Imunoterapia ainda apresenta alguns desafios que necessitam
de ser ultrapassados, que incluem a resistência aos tratamentos, pois nem todos os doentes
respondem adequadamente aos mesmos, e as reações adversas imunológicas que advém da
ativação do sistema imunitário e que requerem estratégias de monitorização e gestão adequadas.
A investigação encontra-se assim focada em identificar biomarcadores preditivos de resposta e
desenvolver novas estratégias para superar as resistências e potenciar os resultados desta
terapia.
Até ao momento, a Imunoterapia revolucionou o tratamento do cancro e ofereceu uma nova
esperança aos doentes oncológicos. O futuro para esta adivinha-se brilhante, e a investigação
pretende otimizá-la, explorar novos alvos terapêuticos e terapias combinadas e ainda uma maior
personalização dos tratamentos. Assim, espera-se que todo o seu potencial seja alcançado e que
um maior número de doentes beneficie da Imunoterapia que é, sem dúvida, o futuro do
tratamento do cancro.
Nowadays, cancer is undoubtedly a disease that has a profound impact in society. Research in Oncology is ever evolving and aims to develop therapies that can eliminate cancer effectively and in a safely manner. Immunotherapy is an innovative approach that relies on harnessing the immune system to specifically detect and target cancer cells to eliminate them. The activation of the immune system can be achieved by means of different immunotherapies, such as, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells, among others. Through distinct mechanisms of action, these elicit immune responses that are durable and result in control of cancer growth. The clinical applications of immunotherapy include a wide range of malignancies such as, melanoma, lung cancer, renal cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. For each approved use Immunotherapy as demonstrated great promise with prolonged survival, durable responses and improvement of patient’s quality of life. Despite its success, immunotherapy still poses some challenges that need to be overcome, these include resistance to treatment, because not everyone responds accordingly, and the immune related adverse events that result from the activation of the immune system require active surveillance and management of patients. Ongoing research efforts are focused on identifying predictive markers of response and developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes. Thus far, immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and offered hope to many patients. The future ahead is bright, and the constant investigation aims to optimize it, explore new targets, combination therapies and personalized approaches. By doing so it is expected that the full potential of this therapy is achieved and that more patients can benefit from it. Without a doubt immunotherapy is the future of cancer treatment.
Nowadays, cancer is undoubtedly a disease that has a profound impact in society. Research in Oncology is ever evolving and aims to develop therapies that can eliminate cancer effectively and in a safely manner. Immunotherapy is an innovative approach that relies on harnessing the immune system to specifically detect and target cancer cells to eliminate them. The activation of the immune system can be achieved by means of different immunotherapies, such as, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells, among others. Through distinct mechanisms of action, these elicit immune responses that are durable and result in control of cancer growth. The clinical applications of immunotherapy include a wide range of malignancies such as, melanoma, lung cancer, renal cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. For each approved use Immunotherapy as demonstrated great promise with prolonged survival, durable responses and improvement of patient’s quality of life. Despite its success, immunotherapy still poses some challenges that need to be overcome, these include resistance to treatment, because not everyone responds accordingly, and the immune related adverse events that result from the activation of the immune system require active surveillance and management of patients. Ongoing research efforts are focused on identifying predictive markers of response and developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes. Thus far, immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and offered hope to many patients. The future ahead is bright, and the constant investigation aims to optimize it, explore new targets, combination therapies and personalized approaches. By doing so it is expected that the full potential of this therapy is achieved and that more patients can benefit from it. Without a doubt immunotherapy is the future of cancer treatment.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Imunoterapia Cancro Sistema imunitário Tratamento Mestrado Integrado - 2023