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Resumo(s)
A culpa e a vergonha são emoções morais que se distinguem pelo foco de atenção,
perante uma situação de transgressão. Quando o foco da atenção é o comportamento
específico de transgressão, o indivíduo sentirá culpa, enquanto que na vergonha se atribui
a responsabilidade ao self do transgressor. Esta diferença leva a consequências distintas a
nível psicológico e relacional. A presente investigação tem como objectivo melhorar a
compreensão dos factores que predispõem para reacções de culpa e vergonha, no
contexto das relações de casal. A Teoria da Auto-Determinação constitui o quadro teórico
usado para operacionalizar o conceito de internalização. Através de uma amostra de 222
participantes, conclui-se que as reacções de culpa surgem quando se age contra normas
internalizadas e as de vergonha quando se age contra normas parcialmente internalizadas.
Logo, estar na relação por motivos autónomos (internalizados) leva a emoções de culpa
que revelaram ser mais benéficas, comparativamente com a vergonha, para a satisfação
relacional. Uma das conclusões a destacar prende-se com o facto de a vergonha ter
consequências negativas sobretudo quando resulta em comportamentos de fuga ou
agressão. Com base nos resultados obtidos pode referir-se que, na prática clínica, o
terapeuta deve tentar promover a internalização das motivações. Este estudo permite
também concluir que um processo essencial para essa promoção é o da satisfação das
necessidades psicológicas básicas.
Guilt and shame are moral emotions that are distinguished by the focus of attention when a transgression occurs. When the focus of attention is on the specific behavior of the transgression, the individual will feel guilt, while in the case of shame responsibility is assigned to the offender's self. This difference leads to distinct psychological and relational consequences. This research aims to improve understanding of factors that predispose to reactions of guilt and shame in the context of couple relationships. The Self-Determination Theory was the theoretical framework used to operationalize the concept of internalization. In a sample of 222 participants, it was concluded that guilt reactions arise when one acts against internalized rules and shame occurs when one acts against partially internalized standards. Thus, being in the relationship for autonomous (internalized) motives leads to feelings of guilt, which proved to be more beneficial, when compared with shame, for relational satisfaction. One of the conclusions to highlight relates to the fact that shame has negative consequences especially when it results in aggression or escape behaviors. Based on the results, one may note that in clinical practice the therapist should try to promote the internalization of motivations. This study also concluded that an essential process for this promotion is the satisfaction of basic psychological needs.
Guilt and shame are moral emotions that are distinguished by the focus of attention when a transgression occurs. When the focus of attention is on the specific behavior of the transgression, the individual will feel guilt, while in the case of shame responsibility is assigned to the offender's self. This difference leads to distinct psychological and relational consequences. This research aims to improve understanding of factors that predispose to reactions of guilt and shame in the context of couple relationships. The Self-Determination Theory was the theoretical framework used to operationalize the concept of internalization. In a sample of 222 participants, it was concluded that guilt reactions arise when one acts against internalized rules and shame occurs when one acts against partially internalized standards. Thus, being in the relationship for autonomous (internalized) motives leads to feelings of guilt, which proved to be more beneficial, when compared with shame, for relational satisfaction. One of the conclusions to highlight relates to the fact that shame has negative consequences especially when it results in aggression or escape behaviors. Based on the results, one may note that in clinical practice the therapist should try to promote the internalization of motivations. This study also concluded that an essential process for this promotion is the satisfaction of basic psychological needs.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Núcleo de Psicoterapia Cognitiva-Comportamental e Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2011
Palavras-chave
Necessidades psicológicas Motivação (Psicologia) Culpa Vergonha Teses de mestrado - 2011
