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Espiritualidade em cuidados paliativos : estados espirituais da família após a perda de um ente querido : perspectivas para o serviço social
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Resumo(s)
A espiritualidade é comummente associada à procura de sentido e verdade, encontro com a transcendência e sagrado. Este conceito envolve práticas observáveis, mas foca num nível experiencial relacionado com aspetos imateriais como o amor, o bem-estar e paz. Assim, o conceito de espiritualidade é difícil de definir, porque envolve aspetos que transcendem as palavras e a medição, não sendo contudo esta característica suficiente para justificar que a espiritualidade não seja objeto de investigação.
O estudo sobre a espiritualidade após a perda de um ente querido, está intimamente ligado a um contexto e acontecimento de perda de uma referência significativa - cônjuge, figura parental ou filial dentro da dinâmica familiar -, cujo equilíbrio, face ao acontecimento inexorável da morte é normalmente muito abalado.
Esta experiência desperta sentimentos de ambivalência, associados à perda da pessoa de referência e simultaneamente à necessidade da sua presença ainda que noutra forma de existência. Experienciam-se sentimentos díspares: intenções de dor e sofrimento espiritual, mas também de aceitação e de renascimento após a experiência da dor total e sofrimento espiritual, que se traduzem em sentimentos de angústia, solidão, incerteza, contribuindo para a reflexão e vivência do significado da espiritualidade e relação pessoal com a mesma.
Esta energia dinâmica dos opostos pode conduzir a diferentes caminhos de busca de sentido, de transcendência e aprofundamento da espiritualidade, bem como ao desenvolvimento no relacionamento consigo e com o mundo.
Neste processo tão complexo, o Assistente Social pela especificidade da sua actuação em que simultaneamente tem como clientes o doente e família, com formação específica poderá ver perspetivado um novo caminho profissional, no âmbito do apoio das necessidades espirituais da família.
No estudo empírico desenvolvido adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa, tendo por base a realização de entrevistas, a análise de conteúdo e a análise fenomenológica.
Na análise qualitativa desenvolvida não se encontrou evidência de uma noção clara de espiritualidade entre os participantes deste estudo, nem se encontraram indícios de uma representação clara do que são necessidades espirituais, ou a identificação dos profissionais a quem apresentá-las. A família continua, no essencial, a contar com a família para apoiar-se espiritualmente.
Spirituality is commonly associated with the search for meaning and truth, meeting with transcendence and sacred. This concept involves observable practices, but it focuses on a experiential level associated with immaterial aspects, such as love, health and peace. Thus, the concept of spirituality is hard to define because it involves aspects of reality that transcend words and measurement, however this feature is not sufficient to justify that spirituality not undergo investigation. The study on spirituality, after the loss of a loved one, is closely related to a context and loss event of a significant reference - spouse, parental figure or affiliate within the family dynamics -, whose balance against the inexorable event of death is usually very shaken. This experience awakens feelings of ambivalence associated with the loss of a person of reference and simultaneously the need for their presence even if another form of existence. Different feelings are experienced: intentions of pain and spiritual suffering, but also of acceptance and rebirth after the experience of total pain and spiritual suffering, that translate into feelings of anxiety, loneliness, uncertainty, contributing to the reflection and experience of the meaning of spirituality and personal relationship with it. This dynamic energy of opposites may lead us to different search paths of meaning that ultimately lead us to transcendence and deepening spirituality as well as development in the relationship with us and with the world. In this complex process the Social Worker due to the specification of his role, has at the same time as clients the patients and their families, with specific training you can see envisaged a new career path, supporting family spiritual needs. The methodology used in this thesis was qualitative, based on the interviews, content analysis and the phenomenological analysis. In developed qualitative analysis, there was no evidence of a clear sense of spirituality among the study participants, nor evidence of a clear representation of what is spiritual, or the identification of professionals who present them. The family remains, in essence, to rely on their family to support themselves spiritually.
Spirituality is commonly associated with the search for meaning and truth, meeting with transcendence and sacred. This concept involves observable practices, but it focuses on a experiential level associated with immaterial aspects, such as love, health and peace. Thus, the concept of spirituality is hard to define because it involves aspects of reality that transcend words and measurement, however this feature is not sufficient to justify that spirituality not undergo investigation. The study on spirituality, after the loss of a loved one, is closely related to a context and loss event of a significant reference - spouse, parental figure or affiliate within the family dynamics -, whose balance against the inexorable event of death is usually very shaken. This experience awakens feelings of ambivalence associated with the loss of a person of reference and simultaneously the need for their presence even if another form of existence. Different feelings are experienced: intentions of pain and spiritual suffering, but also of acceptance and rebirth after the experience of total pain and spiritual suffering, that translate into feelings of anxiety, loneliness, uncertainty, contributing to the reflection and experience of the meaning of spirituality and personal relationship with it. This dynamic energy of opposites may lead us to different search paths of meaning that ultimately lead us to transcendence and deepening spirituality as well as development in the relationship with us and with the world. In this complex process the Social Worker due to the specification of his role, has at the same time as clients the patients and their families, with specific training you can see envisaged a new career path, supporting family spiritual needs. The methodology used in this thesis was qualitative, based on the interviews, content analysis and the phenomenological analysis. In developed qualitative analysis, there was no evidence of a clear sense of spirituality among the study participants, nor evidence of a clear representation of what is spiritual, or the identification of professionals who present them. The family remains, in essence, to rely on their family to support themselves spiritually.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Cuidados Paliativos, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015
Palavras-chave
Espiritualidade Estados espirituais Perda Necessidades Família