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Pobreza, Monoparentalidade e Género: A pobreza nas famílias monoparentais beneficiárias da Fundação AMI segundo uma perspetiva de género
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A presente dissertação procurou compreender as manifestações da desigualdade de género na vivência da pobreza das famílias monoparentais beneficiárias da Fundação AMI em 2024. Adotando a abordagem das capacidades de Amartya Sen, a investigação articulou uma análise teórica com um estudo empírico de metodologia mista. Numa primeira fase, recorreu-se a uma análise quantitativa para caracterizar o universo das famílias monoparentais apoiadas pela instituição, identificando diferenças e semelhanças entre agregados femininos e masculinos. Numa segunda fase, de natureza qualitativa, explorou-se a experiência de privação de capacidades básicas através de entrevistas semiestruturadas a mães e pais monoparentais. A revisão de literatura enfatiza a feminização da monoparentalidade e da pobreza, evidenciando que as mulheres enfrentam maiores taxas de desemprego, precariedade laboral e sobrecarga de cuidados. A análise quantitativa revelou uma elevada prevalência de baixas qualificações, forte dependência de apoios sociais como o RSI e carências prementes ao nível da alimentação e vestuário das famílias monoparentais beneficiárias da Fundação AMI em 2024. A análise qualitativa aprofundou a compreensão das dificuldades quotidianas destas famílias, como a gestão do tempo, o isolamento social e as barreiras no acesso a habitação e emprego, mas também revelou estratégias de resiliência e a mobilização de redes de apoio. Conclui-se que a pobreza nestas famílias resulta de desigualdades estruturais, reforçando a necessidade de políticas públicas orientadas para a capacitação, conciliação trabalho-família e promoção da igualdade de género, que reconheçam a heterogeneidade das suas experiências.
This dissertation sought to understand the manifestations of gender inequality in the experience of poverty among single-parent families benefiting from the AMI Foundation in 2024. Adopting Amartya Sen's capabilities approach, the research combined a theoretical analysis with an empirical study using a mixed-methods methodology. In the first phase, a quantitative analysis was used to characterize the universe of single-parent families supported by the institution, identifying differences and similarities between female- and male-headed households. In a second, qualitative phase, the experience of basic capabilities deprivation was explored through semi-structured interviews with single mothers and fathers. The literature review enphasizes the feminization of single-parenthood and poverty, showing that women face higher rates of unemployment, job insecurity, and care overload. The quantitative analysis revealed a high prevalence of low qualifications, a strong dependence on social support such as the RSI (Social Integration Income) and pressing needs regarding food and clothing. The qualitative analysis deepened the understanding of daily difficulties, such as time management, social isolation, and barriers in accessing housing and employment, while also revealing resilience strategies and the mobilization of support networks. It is concluded that poverty in these families results from structural inequalities, reinforcing the need for public policies aimed at empowerment, work-family reconciliation, and the promotion of gender equality that recognize the heterogeneity of their experiences.
This dissertation sought to understand the manifestations of gender inequality in the experience of poverty among single-parent families benefiting from the AMI Foundation in 2024. Adopting Amartya Sen's capabilities approach, the research combined a theoretical analysis with an empirical study using a mixed-methods methodology. In the first phase, a quantitative analysis was used to characterize the universe of single-parent families supported by the institution, identifying differences and similarities between female- and male-headed households. In a second, qualitative phase, the experience of basic capabilities deprivation was explored through semi-structured interviews with single mothers and fathers. The literature review enphasizes the feminization of single-parenthood and poverty, showing that women face higher rates of unemployment, job insecurity, and care overload. The quantitative analysis revealed a high prevalence of low qualifications, a strong dependence on social support such as the RSI (Social Integration Income) and pressing needs regarding food and clothing. The qualitative analysis deepened the understanding of daily difficulties, such as time management, social isolation, and barriers in accessing housing and employment, while also revealing resilience strategies and the mobilization of support networks. It is concluded that poverty in these families results from structural inequalities, reinforcing the need for public policies aimed at empowerment, work-family reconciliation, and the promotion of gender equality that recognize the heterogeneity of their experiences.
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Poverty Single-Parenthood Gender Inequalities Capabilities Social Policies Pobreza Monoparentalidade Género Desigualdades Capacidades Políticas Sociais