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Ecological and epidemiological drivers of ESBL-Producing E. coli in peridomestic rats from Hong Kong
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O aumento de Escherichia coli produtora de beta-lactamases de espectro alargado (ESBL-EC) é considerado um ponto de viragem na história da resistência aos antimicrobianos (RAM). Atualmente, a RAM é reconhecida como um dos maiores desafios da saúde pública, acelerada pelo uso inapropriado de antimicrobianos e pela crescente interligação entre humanos, animais e ambiente. Contudo, o papel da vida selvagem na ecologia e disseminação da RAM continua pouco compreendido. Os ratos peridomésticos que prosperam em estreita proximidade com humanos e animais de produção podem servir como sentinelas valiosas da evolução da RAM. Este estudo investigou a distribuição e os fatores associados ao transporte de ESBL EC por espécies de Rattus capturadas em diferentes contextos ecológicos em Hong Kong. Foram capturados 221 ratos em áreas urbanas, explorações avícolas, explorações suinícolas e centros hípicos. Após o rastreio fenotípico para deteção de ESBL-EC, foi realizada uma análise de regressão logística para identificar fatores de risco associados à sua presença. A presença de ESBL-EC foi detetada em 58,8% das amostras. A espécie Rattus tanezumi apresentou uma probabilidade significativamente inferior de ser portadora de ESBL-EC em comparação com R. norvegicus (OR = 0,13; IC95%: 0,06 – 0,27; p < 0,001). O contexto ambiental também revelou ter influência, observando-se níveis elevados em áreas urbanas e uma tendência acentuada para maior probabilidade de os ratos provenientes de explorações avícolas serem portadores, comparativamente aos da cidade (OR = 2,59; IC95%: 1,01 – 7,22; p = 0.055). O comprimento corporal, utilizado como proxy da idade, foi associado de forma positiva à probabilidade da espécie R. norvegicus ser portadora de ESBL-EC (OR = 1,14; IC95%: 1,04 – 1,26; p = 0,006), ao contrário do R. tanezumi, sugerindo padrões de exposição distintos entre espécies. Estes resultados contribuem para uma melhor compreensão de como a ecologia do hospedeiro molda o envolvimento da vida selvagem na disseminação da RAM. Compreender os determinantes ecológicos da RAM nas espécies selvagens é essencial para o desenvolvimento de abordagens sustentáveis e eficazes na perspetiva de Uma Saúde, destinadas a mitigar a propagação da resistência
The rise of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) has been considered a turning point in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) history. AMR is now widely perceived as one of the most pressing challenges in public health, accelerated by the misuse of antimicrobials and the growing interconnection between humans, animals, and the environment. However, the role of wildlife in the ecology and dissemination of AMR remains poorly understood. Peridomestic rats, which thrive in close proximity to humans and livestock, may serve as valuable sentinels for AMR evolution. This study investigated the distribution and predictors of ESBL-EC carriage in Rattus species captured across different ecological settings in Hong Kong. 221 rats were collected from city areas, chicken farms, pig farms, and horse-riding schools. Phenotypic screening for ESBL-EC was performed, and a logistic regression analysis was developed to identify risk factors associated with carriage. ESBL-EC was detected in 58.8% of samples. Rattus tanezumi showed significantly lower odds of ESBL-EC carriage compared to R. norvegicus (OR = 0.13; CI95%: 0.06 – 0.27; p < 0.001). The environmental context further influenced carriage, with city areas showing high carriage levels and rats from chicken farms displaying a strong trend toward higher odds compared to those from city areas (OR = 2.59; CI95%: 1.01 – 7.22; p = 0.055). Body length, used as a proxy for age, was positively associated with carriage in R. norvegicus (OR = 1.14; CI95%: 1.04 – 1.26; p = 0.006), but not in R. tanezumi, suggesting distinct exposure patterns between species. Together, these findings contribute to a broader understanding of how host ecology shapes wildlife involvement in AMR dissemination. Understanding ecological drivers of AMR in wildlife species is essential for the development of effective and sustainable One Health approaches aimed at mitigating resistance spread
The rise of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) has been considered a turning point in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) history. AMR is now widely perceived as one of the most pressing challenges in public health, accelerated by the misuse of antimicrobials and the growing interconnection between humans, animals, and the environment. However, the role of wildlife in the ecology and dissemination of AMR remains poorly understood. Peridomestic rats, which thrive in close proximity to humans and livestock, may serve as valuable sentinels for AMR evolution. This study investigated the distribution and predictors of ESBL-EC carriage in Rattus species captured across different ecological settings in Hong Kong. 221 rats were collected from city areas, chicken farms, pig farms, and horse-riding schools. Phenotypic screening for ESBL-EC was performed, and a logistic regression analysis was developed to identify risk factors associated with carriage. ESBL-EC was detected in 58.8% of samples. Rattus tanezumi showed significantly lower odds of ESBL-EC carriage compared to R. norvegicus (OR = 0.13; CI95%: 0.06 – 0.27; p < 0.001). The environmental context further influenced carriage, with city areas showing high carriage levels and rats from chicken farms displaying a strong trend toward higher odds compared to those from city areas (OR = 2.59; CI95%: 1.01 – 7.22; p = 0.055). Body length, used as a proxy for age, was positively associated with carriage in R. norvegicus (OR = 1.14; CI95%: 1.04 – 1.26; p = 0.006), but not in R. tanezumi, suggesting distinct exposure patterns between species. Together, these findings contribute to a broader understanding of how host ecology shapes wildlife involvement in AMR dissemination. Understanding ecological drivers of AMR in wildlife species is essential for the development of effective and sustainable One Health approaches aimed at mitigating resistance spread
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Sanidade Animal
Palavras-chave
Antimicrobial resistance Escherichia coli Beta-lactamases Public health Rattus Resistência aos antimicrobianos Escherichia coli Beta-lactamases Saúde pública Rattus