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Fernão Pérez (1531? – 1595?): do domínio de um homem sobre outro homem
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Esta tese consiste na transcrição, tradução e estudo propedêutico de manuscritos
inéditos do século XVI onde se desenvolvem os conceitos de ius no sentido subjectivo e o
conceito de dominium (o domínio de propriedade e o “domínio de um homem sobre outro
homem”, a servidão). Os textos seleccionados são parte do tratado De restitutione de Fernão
Pérez, teólogo-jurista cordovês que, apesar de ser hoje praticamente desconhecido, se conta
entre os mais antigos e importantes mestres da Escola Ibérica da Paz estabelecidos em
Portugal. A narrativa biográfica sobre Pérez - que à academia pela primeira vez se trouxe a
lume no presente trabalho -, o estudo preliminar do seu pensamento e o seu enquadramento
intelectual e histórico serviu de “estudo de caso” e de ponto de partida para dar a conhecer a
riqueza cultural e científica da Escola Ibérica da Paz e o seu complexo contexto histórico e
intelectual.
Os tratados de teologia moral produzidos por mestres das universidades e colégios
jesuítas portugueses no último quartel de Quinhentos constituem parte importante do
património cultural português, ibérico e europeu que nos propusemos iluminar nesta tese.
Partindo da preocupação com a definição dos conceitos de ius e de dominium adaptada aos
novos problemas éticos e morais surgidos da expansão ultramarina, os teólogos-juristas
desenvolveram assuntos de alcance moral, político e jurídico que afectavam em particular a
consciência de pastores da Igreja, Reis, agentes da colonização e traficantes de escravos.
Apoiados no legado do direito romano, do direito canónico medieval e partindo de uma
estrutura tomista - dando precedência à lei natural sobre a lei positiva – os teólogos-juristas
imprimiram unidade a matérias jurídicas até então tratadas de maneira parcelar, dedicaram
pormenorizada atenção aos direitos de que os servos eram titulares, sedimentaram o conceito
de ius no sentido subjectivo e desenvolveram temas nucleares da dogmática jurídica.
This thesis consists of the transcription, translation and preliminary study of unedited sixteenth century manuscripts which discuss the subjective meaning of ius and the concept of dominium (dominion of property and “dominion of a man over another man”, slavery). The texts we have selected are part of the treatise De restitutione attributed to Fernão Pérez, a theologian-jurist from Cordoba, who, despite not being famous today, is one of the most ancient and important masters of the Iberian School of Peace based in Portugal. The biographical narrative concerning Pérez – appearing for the first time in the world of academia in this research – and the preliminary study of his teachings and of his historical and intellectual context serve as a “case study” and starting point for making known the cultural and scientific wealth of the Iberian School of Peace and its complex historical background. Sixteenth century treatises on moral theology such as Fernão Pérez’ De restitutione, produced by the masters of the Portuguese universities and Jesuit colleges are an important part of the Portuguese, Iberian and European cultural heritage which we wish to highlight in the present thesis. In their search for a definition of ius and dominium adapted to the new ethical issues arising from the colonization, the theologian-jurists from the Iberian School of Peace developed a whole range of studies with spiritual, moral and juridical implications, affecting the conscience of Church pastors, kings, agents of colonization and slave traders. Inspired by Roman Law, medieval Canon Law and within a Thomistic framework – giving priority to natural law above positive law – the theologian-jurists made an important contribution to the juridical sciences: by systematizing juridical subjects which had been dealt with in a fragmented way since medieval times; by paying thorough attention to the rights of slaves and to the limits of the power of the owners and of the slave trade; consolidating the subjective meaning of ius; and developing essential concepts of legal theory.
This thesis consists of the transcription, translation and preliminary study of unedited sixteenth century manuscripts which discuss the subjective meaning of ius and the concept of dominium (dominion of property and “dominion of a man over another man”, slavery). The texts we have selected are part of the treatise De restitutione attributed to Fernão Pérez, a theologian-jurist from Cordoba, who, despite not being famous today, is one of the most ancient and important masters of the Iberian School of Peace based in Portugal. The biographical narrative concerning Pérez – appearing for the first time in the world of academia in this research – and the preliminary study of his teachings and of his historical and intellectual context serve as a “case study” and starting point for making known the cultural and scientific wealth of the Iberian School of Peace and its complex historical background. Sixteenth century treatises on moral theology such as Fernão Pérez’ De restitutione, produced by the masters of the Portuguese universities and Jesuit colleges are an important part of the Portuguese, Iberian and European cultural heritage which we wish to highlight in the present thesis. In their search for a definition of ius and dominium adapted to the new ethical issues arising from the colonization, the theologian-jurists from the Iberian School of Peace developed a whole range of studies with spiritual, moral and juridical implications, affecting the conscience of Church pastors, kings, agents of colonization and slave traders. Inspired by Roman Law, medieval Canon Law and within a Thomistic framework – giving priority to natural law above positive law – the theologian-jurists made an important contribution to the juridical sciences: by systematizing juridical subjects which had been dealt with in a fragmented way since medieval times; by paying thorough attention to the rights of slaves and to the limits of the power of the owners and of the slave trade; consolidating the subjective meaning of ius; and developing essential concepts of legal theory.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Perez, Fernão, 1531?–1595? - Crítica e interpretação Escola Ibérica da Paz. - Portugal Teologia moral Escravatura - Direito Direito natural Pessoas (Direito) Direitos do homem Teses de doutoramento - 2019