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Estratégias de Evacuação em caso de Tsunami nas praias do município de Oeiras
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O objetivo da presente dissertação foi o cálculo de rotas de evacuação pedestre em cinco
praias do município de Oeiras. A metodologia (baseada em Fraser et al., 2014) implica a criação
de cenários de variação da maré dos utentes expostos. Junto com a quantificação inicial da
distância do percurso de menor custo, usando o Modelo Digital do Terreno e a Cartografia do
Uso e Ocupação do Solo para calcular as rotas de evacuação. Foram escolhidos pontos de
encontro e avaliada a sua Capacidade Máxima usando a APA (2021) durante a pandemia.
Foram ainda utilizados o número de utentes registados pelos torniquetes fornecidos pela
Câmara Municipal de Oeiras. Posteriormente foram calculados os tempos de evacuação das
praias em função da distância e a velocidade na areia e a seguir calcularam-se os Tempos Totais
de Evacuação -TET. As praias apresentam diferenças significativas na capacidade para
evacuar; sendo que a praia de São Bruno pela sua menor dimensão, e a Praia de Santo Amaro,
pelo seu número de saídas, facilitam melhor a evacuação. A maior exposição dos utentes aos
tsunamis foi nos meses de junho, julho e agosto, especialmente sábados e domingos. Em todos
os cenários desenvolvidos os utentes vão conseguir evacuar a praia antes do tsunami (com
início imediato). Com as rotas vetoriais os resultados do TET máximo até o ponto de encontro
foram: Praia da Torre com 25 min, Santo Amaro com 15,3 min, Paço de Arcos atinge 22 min,
Caxias obteve 25,8 min e São Bruno 16 min. A Praia de Caxias, devido à sua dimensão e a só
ter uma saída, teve menor capacidade de evacuação pelo que novas estratégias necessitam ser
aplicadas nessa praia. Conclui-se que as rotas em vetorial permitem uma melhor opção
metodológica mais viável e apresentam TETs menores do que as rotas em matricial.
The main objective of this dissertation was to calculate pedestrian evacuation routes on five beaches in the municipality of Oeiras. The methodology (based on Fraser et al., 2014) involves creating scenarios of tidal variation and exposed users, along with the initial quantification of the distance of the least-cost route, using the Digital Terrain Model and Land Cover data to calculate evacuation routes. Meeting points were chosen, and their Maximum Capacity assessed using the APA (2021) criteria, during pandemic. The number of users registered by the turnstiles provided by Câmara Municipal de Oeiras was also used. Evacuation times were then calculated according to distance and speed on the sand, followed by the Total Evacuation Time (TET). The beaches differ significantly in their capacity to be evacuated; São Bruno beach, due to its smaller size, and Santo Amaro beach, due to its number of exits, both facilitated evacuations better. The users were most exposed to tsunamis in June, July and August, especially on Saturdays and Sundays. In all the scenarios developed, users will be able to evacuate the beach before the tsunami hits (with immediate start). With vector routes, the results of the maximum TET to the meeting point were: Praia da Torre with 25 min, Santo Amaro with 15.3 min, Paço de Arcos with 22 min, Caxias with 25.8 min and São Bruno with 16 min. Due to its size and the fact that it only has one exit, Praia de Caxias had a lower evacuation capacity, so new strategies need to be applied there. It can be concluded that vector routes provide a better methodological option, that is more viable and has lower TETs routes.
The main objective of this dissertation was to calculate pedestrian evacuation routes on five beaches in the municipality of Oeiras. The methodology (based on Fraser et al., 2014) involves creating scenarios of tidal variation and exposed users, along with the initial quantification of the distance of the least-cost route, using the Digital Terrain Model and Land Cover data to calculate evacuation routes. Meeting points were chosen, and their Maximum Capacity assessed using the APA (2021) criteria, during pandemic. The number of users registered by the turnstiles provided by Câmara Municipal de Oeiras was also used. Evacuation times were then calculated according to distance and speed on the sand, followed by the Total Evacuation Time (TET). The beaches differ significantly in their capacity to be evacuated; São Bruno beach, due to its smaller size, and Santo Amaro beach, due to its number of exits, both facilitated evacuations better. The users were most exposed to tsunamis in June, July and August, especially on Saturdays and Sundays. In all the scenarios developed, users will be able to evacuate the beach before the tsunami hits (with immediate start). With vector routes, the results of the maximum TET to the meeting point were: Praia da Torre with 25 min, Santo Amaro with 15.3 min, Paço de Arcos with 22 min, Caxias with 25.8 min and São Bruno with 16 min. Due to its size and the fact that it only has one exit, Praia de Caxias had a lower evacuation capacity, so new strategies need to be applied there. It can be concluded that vector routes provide a better methodological option, that is more viable and has lower TETs routes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tsunamis Estratégias de evacuação Sistemas de Informação Geográfica