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Potencialidades educativas da realização de atividades práticas sobre o sistema cardiorrespiratório
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O ensino centrado no aluno tem se demonstrado fundamental no ensino das Ciências, de modo a preparar os alunos para o mundo atual e melhorar a sua motivação e atitudes perante esta disciplina. Sendo as atividades práticas recursos educativos que envolvem ativamente os alunos e potenciam as suas aprendizagens, a presente investigação pretende averiguar as potencialidades educativas da realização de diferentes tipos de atividades práticas sobre o sistema cardiorrespiratório.
Este estudo realizou-se no âmbito da disciplina de Ciências Naturais, com uma turma de 25 alunos do 9.º ano de escolaridade e destinou-se à lecionação das unidades didáticas “O sistema cardiovascular” e parte de “O sistema respiratório”. Foram realizadas quatro atividades práticas: duas de caráter laboratorial, que envolvem o manuseamento de material de laboratório; duas experimentais investigativas, que requerem controlo e manipulação de variáveis e estruturação da atividade por parte dos alunos. Estas foram realizadas intervaladamente e cada unidade contou com uma atividade de cada tipo.
A investigação seguiu uma metodologia qualitativa e os dados foram recolhidos através de observação direta, análise documental, utilização de rubricas de avaliação e aplicação de questionários. Os objetivos foram aferir as competências (conhecimentos, capacidades e atitudes) desenvolvidas pelos alunos, as dificuldades sentidas e a sua opinião sobre as potencialidades educativas das atividades realizadas.
Os resultados mostram que os dois tipos de atividades práticas promoveram atitudes de envolvimento e apreço nos alunos, facilitaram a aquisição e aprofundamento de conhecimentos e capacidades, e contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de várias competências. As atividades experimentais investigativas contribuem para o desenvolvimento de mais competências do que as laboratoriais, graças ao maior grau de abertura. Os alunos apresentaram algumas dificuldades durante as atividades práticas, mas gostaram de as realizar e consideraram-nas interessantes. Estes concordam que as atividades realizadas contribuíram para a compreensão e aprofundamento de conhecimentos e desenvolvimento de competências.
Student-centered teaching has proven to be essential in Science education, aiming to prepare students for the current world while enhancing their motivation and attitudes towards this subject. As practical activities are educational resources that actively engage students and enhance their learning, this investigation aims to explore the educational potential of conducting different types of practical activities related to the cardiorespiratory system. This study was conducted within the “Natural Sciences” subject, involving a class of twenty-five 9th-grade students, and focused on teaching the units “The cardiovascular system” and part of “The respiratory system”. Four practical activities were carried out: two laboratory-based activities, involving laboratory equipment handling; two investigative experimental activities, that required control and manipulation of variables and activity design by students. These activities were conducted alternately, with each unit featuring one activity of each type. The research followed a qualitative methodology, and data were collected through direct observation, document analysis, application of rubrics and questionnaires. The objectives were to assess the competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes) developed by the students, their difficulties and their opinions on the educational potential of the conducted activities. The results show that both types of practical activities fostered attitudes of engagement and appreciation among the students, facilitated the acquisition and deepening of knowledge and skills, and contributed to the development of various competencies. Investigative experimental activities were found to promote more competencies than laboratory-based ones due to the higher degree of openness. Students encountered some difficulties during the practical activities but enjoyed conducting them and found them interesting. They agree that the conducted activities contributed to understanding and deepening their knowledge and skill development.
Student-centered teaching has proven to be essential in Science education, aiming to prepare students for the current world while enhancing their motivation and attitudes towards this subject. As practical activities are educational resources that actively engage students and enhance their learning, this investigation aims to explore the educational potential of conducting different types of practical activities related to the cardiorespiratory system. This study was conducted within the “Natural Sciences” subject, involving a class of twenty-five 9th-grade students, and focused on teaching the units “The cardiovascular system” and part of “The respiratory system”. Four practical activities were carried out: two laboratory-based activities, involving laboratory equipment handling; two investigative experimental activities, that required control and manipulation of variables and activity design by students. These activities were conducted alternately, with each unit featuring one activity of each type. The research followed a qualitative methodology, and data were collected through direct observation, document analysis, application of rubrics and questionnaires. The objectives were to assess the competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes) developed by the students, their difficulties and their opinions on the educational potential of the conducted activities. The results show that both types of practical activities fostered attitudes of engagement and appreciation among the students, facilitated the acquisition and deepening of knowledge and skills, and contributed to the development of various competencies. Investigative experimental activities were found to promote more competencies than laboratory-based ones due to the higher degree of openness. Students encountered some difficulties during the practical activities but enjoyed conducting them and found them interesting. They agree that the conducted activities contributed to understanding and deepening their knowledge and skill development.
Descrição
Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Biologia e Geologia no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação
Palavras-chave
Sistema cardiovascular Sistema respiratório Ciências - Estudo e estudo Atividades práticas Relatórios da prática de ensino supervisionada - 2023