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Abstract(s)
Os pequenos mamíferos de companhia ou animais exóticos estão cada vez mais presentes no quotidiano da população portuguesa e centros de atendimento Médico-Veterinário. Apesar dos relatos de doenças zoonóticas atribuídas a estas espécies serem raros, com a crescente popularidade e a exposição amplificada de crianças e indivíduos com sistema imunológico comprometido, a incidência destas doenças pode aumentar. São exemplo de parasitas gastrointestinais com potencial zoonótico em mamíferos exóticos, protozoários como Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia spp. e por cestodes como Rodentolepis nana e Taenia serialis. No período de novembro de 2021 a abril de 2022 foram colhidas amostras fecais de 86 pequenos mamíferos de companhia: 59 coelhos (68,60%), 25 porquinhos-da-Índia (29,07%) e 2 chinchilas (2,33%), com idades compreendidas entre os 2 meses e os 14 anos. Nessas amostras foram aplicadas 6 técnicas de pesquisa e quantificação de formas parasitárias: Mini-FLOTAC, McMaster, coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada, flutuação de Willis, sedimentação em meio saturado e técnica da fita-cola transparente para pesquisa de Passalurus ambiguus. Após cada resultado positivo os animais foram submetidos a tratamento e foi colhida uma nova amostra fecal de modo a comparar as contagens obtidas pelos métodos Mini-FLOTAC e McMaster. Foi detetada a presença de parasitas em 13 animais (15,1%), incluindo 11 coelhos (18,6%, 11/59), 2 porquinhos-da-Índia (8,0%, 2/25). No caso das chinchilas a pesquisa de parasitas gastrointestinais revelou-se negativa. Dos 13 animais positivos, 92,3% (n=12) revelaram-se positivos a coccídias e 7,7% (n=1) a Paraspidodera uncinata. Os resultados identificaram coccídias como o parasita mais comum em animais jovens, pelo que deverá sempre suspeitar-se da presença destes parasitas numa primeira observação do animal. Portanto, é recomendável o exame coprológico para deteção de parasitas gastrointestinais antes do tratamento e a sua repetição para reavaliação após o mesmo. A média de OPG nas contagens obtidas pelo método de Mini-FLOTAC foi superior ao obtido pelo McMaster, embora esse resultado não tenha sido estatisticamente significativo. Neste estudo é relatada, pela primeira vez, a utilização de Mini-FLOTAC como enquanto técnica coprológica quantitativa em pequenos mamíferos de companhia, o que, aliado às diferentes técnicas aplicadas, contribuiu para a caraterização dos parasitas gastrointestinais em mamíferos exóticos, sendo uma metodologia de diagnóstico a recomendar, em especial na primeira consulta.
ABSTRACT - CHARACTERIZATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN SMALL COMPANION MAMMALS - Exotic pets are increasingly present in the daily life of the Portuguese population and at medical and veterinary care centers. Although reports of zoonotic diseases attributed to these species are rare, with the increasing popularity and amplified exposure of children and individuals with compromised immune systems, the incidence of these diseases may increase. Examples of gastrointestinal parasites with zoonotic potential in exotic mammals are protozoa such as Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. and cestodes like Rodentolepis nana and Taenia serialis. From November 2021 to April 2022, fecal samples were collected from 86 small pet mammals: 59 rabbits (68.60%), 25 guinea pigs (29.07%) and 2 chinchillas (2.33%), aged between 2 months and 14 years. In these samples, 6 techniques for research and quantification of parasitic forms were used: Mini-FLOTAC, McMaster, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, Willis flotation, sedimentation in saturated medium and adhesive tape technique for the investigation of Passalurus ambiguus. After each positive result, the animals were subjected to treatment and a new sample was collected in order to compare the counts obtained by the Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster methods. The presence of parasites was detected in 13 animals (15.1%), including 11 rabbits (18.6%, 11/59), 2 guinea pigs (8.0%, 2/25). In the case of chinchillas, the investigation of gastrointestinal parasites was negative. Of the 13 positive animals, 92.3% (n=12) were positive for coccidia and 7.7% (n=1) for Paraspidodera uncinata. The results identified coccidia as the most common parasite in young animals, so the presence of these parasites should always be suspected in a first observation of the animal. It is therefore recommended to carry out a coprological examination for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites before treatment and to repeat it for reassessment after the treatment. The average OPG was higher with Mini-FLOTAC than the one obtained using the McMaster method, although this result was not statistically significant. This study represents the first report of Mini-FLOTAC as a quantitative coprological technique in small companion mammals, which, together with the different techniques applied, contributed to the characterization of gastrointestinal parasites in exotic mammals, being a diagnostic methodology to be recommended, especially in the first consultation.
ABSTRACT - CHARACTERIZATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN SMALL COMPANION MAMMALS - Exotic pets are increasingly present in the daily life of the Portuguese population and at medical and veterinary care centers. Although reports of zoonotic diseases attributed to these species are rare, with the increasing popularity and amplified exposure of children and individuals with compromised immune systems, the incidence of these diseases may increase. Examples of gastrointestinal parasites with zoonotic potential in exotic mammals are protozoa such as Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. and cestodes like Rodentolepis nana and Taenia serialis. From November 2021 to April 2022, fecal samples were collected from 86 small pet mammals: 59 rabbits (68.60%), 25 guinea pigs (29.07%) and 2 chinchillas (2.33%), aged between 2 months and 14 years. In these samples, 6 techniques for research and quantification of parasitic forms were used: Mini-FLOTAC, McMaster, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, Willis flotation, sedimentation in saturated medium and adhesive tape technique for the investigation of Passalurus ambiguus. After each positive result, the animals were subjected to treatment and a new sample was collected in order to compare the counts obtained by the Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster methods. The presence of parasites was detected in 13 animals (15.1%), including 11 rabbits (18.6%, 11/59), 2 guinea pigs (8.0%, 2/25). In the case of chinchillas, the investigation of gastrointestinal parasites was negative. Of the 13 positive animals, 92.3% (n=12) were positive for coccidia and 7.7% (n=1) for Paraspidodera uncinata. The results identified coccidia as the most common parasite in young animals, so the presence of these parasites should always be suspected in a first observation of the animal. It is therefore recommended to carry out a coprological examination for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites before treatment and to repeat it for reassessment after the treatment. The average OPG was higher with Mini-FLOTAC than the one obtained using the McMaster method, although this result was not statistically significant. This study represents the first report of Mini-FLOTAC as a quantitative coprological technique in small companion mammals, which, together with the different techniques applied, contributed to the characterization of gastrointestinal parasites in exotic mammals, being a diagnostic methodology to be recommended, especially in the first consultation.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Sanidade Animal
Keywords
Parasitas gastrointestinais Mini-FLOTAC Coccídias Mamíferos exóticos Gastrointestinal parasites Mini-FLOTAC Coccidia Small pet mammals
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Martins SC. 2022. Caracterização dos parasitas gastrointestinais em pequenos mamíferos de companhia [dissertação]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária