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Condicionantes físicas e infraestruturais à implementação da cidade dos 15 minutos : análise da acessibilidade ponderada dos residentes de Lisboa
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Resumo(s)
A importância e os benefícios das soluções de urbanismo de proximidade e dos modos de transporte ativos têm sido cada vez mais estudados e discutidos, ao nível do ambiente, da economia e da qualidade de vida nas cidades. O conceito de Cidade dos 15 Minutos propõe garantir o acesso a diversas funções a pé ou de bicicleta num raio máximo de 15 minutos, promovendo a densidade urbana, sociabilidade e menor uso do automóvel. Para a consolidação destes princípios, as cidades deverão ter uma boa aptidão para caminhar, a qual pode ser condicionada por diversos fatores físicos e infraestruturais. com o ambiente construído, nomeadamente a distribuição de funções no território, a topografia e as condições de acesso aos edifícios residenciais, fator normalmente não considerado, mas que pode impactar bastante a mobilidade dos residentes, sobretudo daqueles com menores capacidades de locomoção. Assim, a presente dissertação propõe a construção de um modelo de avaliação do potencial de acessibilidade pedonal para a Cidade de Lisboa, com base nos princípios da Cidade dos 15 Minutos, considerando fatores como a proximidade a um conjunto de funções, estimada através da análise de redes e condicionada pelo declive, a densidade populacional e a existência de elevadores nos edifícios residenciais, combinados através de uma análise multicritério. A análise foi efetuada para dois perfis populacionais: um representativo da população em geral, e outro representativo da população idosa, diferindo na velocidade de caminhada e na importância dada aos fatores. Os resultados permitiram compreender a variabilidade da caminhabilidade em Lisboa e identificar bairros e populações em potencial vulnerabilidade. Espera-se que o modelo possa contribuir para o diagnóstico e tomada de decisões mais informadas nesta temática.
The importance and benefits of proximity-based urban planning solutions and active modes of transport have been increasingly studied and discussed in relation to environmental, economic and quality-of-life aspects in cities. The 15-Minute City concept proposes ensuring access to a range of functions on foot or by bicycle within a maximum 15-minute radius, promoting urban density, sociability and reduced car use. To consolidate these principles, cities must have good walkability levels, which may be conditioned by several physical and infrastructural factors associated with the built environment, namely the spatial distribution of functions, topography and access conditions to residential buildings — a factor that is usually not considered, yet can significantly impact residents’ mobility, particularly for those with reduced mobility. Accordingly, this dissertation proposes the development of a model to assess pedestrian accessibility potential in the City of Lisbon, based on the principles of the 15-Minute City. The model considers factors such as proximity to a set of functions, estimated through network analysis and constrained by slope, population density, and the presence of lifts in residential buildings, combined through a multicriteria analysis. The analysis was conducted for two population profiles: one representing the general population and another representing the elderly population, differing in walking speed and in the relative importance assigned to the factors. The results made it possible to understand the variability of walkability in Lisbon and to identify neighbourhoods and population groups with potential vulnerability. It is expected that the model may contribute to diagnosis and more informed decision-making processes in this field.
The importance and benefits of proximity-based urban planning solutions and active modes of transport have been increasingly studied and discussed in relation to environmental, economic and quality-of-life aspects in cities. The 15-Minute City concept proposes ensuring access to a range of functions on foot or by bicycle within a maximum 15-minute radius, promoting urban density, sociability and reduced car use. To consolidate these principles, cities must have good walkability levels, which may be conditioned by several physical and infrastructural factors associated with the built environment, namely the spatial distribution of functions, topography and access conditions to residential buildings — a factor that is usually not considered, yet can significantly impact residents’ mobility, particularly for those with reduced mobility. Accordingly, this dissertation proposes the development of a model to assess pedestrian accessibility potential in the City of Lisbon, based on the principles of the 15-Minute City. The model considers factors such as proximity to a set of functions, estimated through network analysis and constrained by slope, population density, and the presence of lifts in residential buildings, combined through a multicriteria analysis. The analysis was conducted for two population profiles: one representing the general population and another representing the elderly population, differing in walking speed and in the relative importance assigned to the factors. The results made it possible to understand the variability of walkability in Lisbon and to identify neighbourhoods and population groups with potential vulnerability. It is expected that the model may contribute to diagnosis and more informed decision-making processes in this field.
Descrição
Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do projeto Accesscity4All – Adapting the 15-Minute City Concept to support active mobility in neighbourhoods with different levels of accessibility, financiado pelo programa DUT – Driving Urban Transitions (DUT 2022 – ref. DUT_0007_2022), em parceria com a Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia. https://doi.org/10.54499/DUT/0007/2022
Palavras-chave
Accessibility Walkability 15-Minute City Residential Buildings Topography Acessibilidade Caminhabilidade Cidade dos 15 Minutos Edificado habitacional Topografia