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Encerramento do desporto base, maturação e desenvolvimento motor de crianças praticantes de futsal
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Antecedentes: Este estudo propõe a análise instrumental das adaptações morfológicas e neuromusculares de crianças praticantes de futsal após o confinamento e interrupção dos seus treinos em contexto decorrente das medidas de combate à pandemia SARS-Cov-2.
Objetivo: o estudo pretende examinar o efeito que uma paragem de 15 semanas (lockdown e off-season) teve nos indicadores morfológicos e de desempenho neuromuscular, de jovens jogadores de futsal sub11, não submetidos durante esse tempo, a qualquer estímulo de treino, tendo como comparação a evolução dos mesmos indicadores morfológicos e de desempenho neuromuscular de uma amostra submetida a uma época normal sem restrições.
Este estudo quantitativo, contou com de 32 crianças, divididas em função do tipo de paragem de treino a que foram submetidos (experimental e controlo). A primeira época (20/21), contou com 19 crianças com idade média 10,241±0,52, a segunda época (21/22) contou com 13 crianças com uma idade média de 10,263±0,49.
As avaliações decorreram em dois momentos separados por 10 semanas normais de treino. A primeira intervenção ocorreu na 1ª semana, logo após ao retorno às atividades desportivas, e a segunda intervenção ocorreu após completarem 10ª semanas de treino regular, que acontece duas vezes por semana. Embora o tempo de paragem tenha sido semelhante nos dois grupos (época 20/21 e época 21/22) a primeira intervenção foi realizada após um confinamento com limitações objetivas na mobilidade dos sujeitos e outra após o período de transição ou off-season normal no calendário desportivo.
Para a realização deste estudo, e com o objetivo de avaliar a força de membros inferiores, utilizámos um protocolo de testes que incluiu, o salto lateral (máximo de saltos em 15 segundos), uma corrida 20 metros e um salto horizontal, avaliámos também a massa corporal, as alturas total e sentado, o IMC, a %gordura e massa livre de gordura. A idade maturacional biológica foi obtida segundo Mirwald, Moore 1 e 2, Fransen, Khamis & Roche, e por uma metodologia que chamámos de Status e o seu efeito retirado durante a comparação entre grupos (épocas).
Resultados: As variáveis morfológicas como %gordura e o IMC estimado não diferiam significativamente entre os grupos. No entanto, os ganhos entre a 1ª e 10ª semana foram estatisticamente diferentes nas duas épocas para a massa corporal total (época 20/21 = 1,6±1,0 e época 21/22 = 0,3±1,0; F = 11,555; p = 0,002; Ƞ𝑃2 = 0,285) e para a massa livre de gordura (época 20/21 = 1,2±0,8 e época 21/22 = 0,4±0,8; F = 7,941; p = 0,009; Ƞ𝑃2 = 0,215). As variáveis relacionadas com a aptidão física como impulso horizontal (IH), salto lateral (JL) e o sprint 20 metros não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos.
Conclusão: Em resumo, um período de 15 semanas de interrupção de treino, influenciou significativamente as variáveis, massa corporal total e massa livre de gordura. Ao contrário do que tem sido descrito nos jovens adultos, uma paragem de treino superior a 6-8 semanas, nas crianças com idades médias de 10 anos, não promoveu alterações significativas no rendimento. Quando comparámos os ganhos obtidos nos dois grupos estudados, entre a 1ª e a 10ª semana, verificámos que em jovens jogadores de futsal, do sexo masculino, com idades pré-púberes ou antes de atingirem o pico de velocidade em altura (PVA) a pausa por confinamento não representou perdas significativas nos valores de desempenho neuromuscular, ou seja no salto lateral, na impulsão horizontal e no sprint de 20 m, sugerindo que, mesmo na ausência de um estímulo de treino adequado, as adaptações relacionadas com a maturação neuromuscular acontecem não estando o desempenho neuromuscular necessariamente relacionado com o exercício.
Background: This study proposes an instrumental analysis of the morphological and neuromuscular adaptation of children who practice futsal after confinement or an interruption of their training in a context resulting from measures to combat the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic. Objective: the study intends to examine the effect that a 15-week break (lockdown and off-season) had on the morphological and neuromuscular performance indicators of young U11 futsal players, not submitted during that time to any training stimulus, having as a comparison, the evolution of the same morphological and neuromuscular performance indicators of a sample submitted to a normal period of offseason without restrictions. This quantitative study included 32 children, divided according to the type of training interruption they were submitted to (experimental and control). The first season (20/21) had 19 children with a mean age of 10.241±0.52, the second season (21/22) had 13 children with a mean age of 10.263±0.49. The evaluations took place in two moments separated by 10 normal weeks of training. The first intervention took place in the 1st week, right after returning to sports activities, and the second intervention took place after completing the 10th week of regular training, which takes place twice a week. Although the downtime was similar in both groups (season 20/21 and season 21/22) the first intervention was performed after a confinement with objective limitations on the subjects' mobility and another after the transition period or a normal off-season time of the sports calendar. In order to carry out this study, and with the objective of evaluating the strength of the lower limbs, we used a test protocol that included the lateral jump (maximum jumps in 15 seconds), a 20-meter run and a horizontal jump, we also evaluated the mass body height, stature and sitting height, BMI, %fat and fat-free mass. The biological maturational age was obtained according to Mirwald, Moore 1 and 2, Fransen, Khamis & Roche, and by a methodology that we called Status and its effect removed during the comparison between groups (times). Results: Morphological variables such as %fat and estimated BMI did not differ significantly between groups. However, the gains between the 1st and 10th weeks were statistically different in the two seasons for total body mass (20/21 season = 1,6±1,0 and 21/22 season = 0,4± 1,0; F = 11,555; p = 0,002; Ƞ𝑃2 = 0,285) and for fat-free mass (20/21 season = 1,2±0,8 and 21/22 season = 0,4±0,8; F = 7,941; p = 0,009; Ƞ𝑃2 = 0,215). Variables related to physical fitness such as horizontal thrust (HT), side jump (SJ) and 20-meter sprint (S-20m) did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: In summary, a 15-week training interruption period significantly influenced the variables total body mass and fat-free mass. Contrary to what has been described in young adults, a training interruption of more than 6-8 weeks, in children with an average age of 10 years, did not promote significant changes in performance. When we compared the gains obtained in the two studied groups, between the 1st and the 10th week, we verified that in young soccer players, male, with pre-pubescent ages or before reaching the peak of velocity in height (PVA) the pause by confinement did not represent significant losses in the neuromuscular performance values, that is, in the lateral jump, in the horizontal jump and in the 20 m sprint, suggesting that, even in the absence of an adequate training stimulus, the adaptations related to neuromuscular maturation do happen. being neuromuscular performance not necessarily related to exercise.
Background: This study proposes an instrumental analysis of the morphological and neuromuscular adaptation of children who practice futsal after confinement or an interruption of their training in a context resulting from measures to combat the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic. Objective: the study intends to examine the effect that a 15-week break (lockdown and off-season) had on the morphological and neuromuscular performance indicators of young U11 futsal players, not submitted during that time to any training stimulus, having as a comparison, the evolution of the same morphological and neuromuscular performance indicators of a sample submitted to a normal period of offseason without restrictions. This quantitative study included 32 children, divided according to the type of training interruption they were submitted to (experimental and control). The first season (20/21) had 19 children with a mean age of 10.241±0.52, the second season (21/22) had 13 children with a mean age of 10.263±0.49. The evaluations took place in two moments separated by 10 normal weeks of training. The first intervention took place in the 1st week, right after returning to sports activities, and the second intervention took place after completing the 10th week of regular training, which takes place twice a week. Although the downtime was similar in both groups (season 20/21 and season 21/22) the first intervention was performed after a confinement with objective limitations on the subjects' mobility and another after the transition period or a normal off-season time of the sports calendar. In order to carry out this study, and with the objective of evaluating the strength of the lower limbs, we used a test protocol that included the lateral jump (maximum jumps in 15 seconds), a 20-meter run and a horizontal jump, we also evaluated the mass body height, stature and sitting height, BMI, %fat and fat-free mass. The biological maturational age was obtained according to Mirwald, Moore 1 and 2, Fransen, Khamis & Roche, and by a methodology that we called Status and its effect removed during the comparison between groups (times). Results: Morphological variables such as %fat and estimated BMI did not differ significantly between groups. However, the gains between the 1st and 10th weeks were statistically different in the two seasons for total body mass (20/21 season = 1,6±1,0 and 21/22 season = 0,4± 1,0; F = 11,555; p = 0,002; Ƞ𝑃2 = 0,285) and for fat-free mass (20/21 season = 1,2±0,8 and 21/22 season = 0,4±0,8; F = 7,941; p = 0,009; Ƞ𝑃2 = 0,215). Variables related to physical fitness such as horizontal thrust (HT), side jump (SJ) and 20-meter sprint (S-20m) did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: In summary, a 15-week training interruption period significantly influenced the variables total body mass and fat-free mass. Contrary to what has been described in young adults, a training interruption of more than 6-8 weeks, in children with an average age of 10 years, did not promote significant changes in performance. When we compared the gains obtained in the two studied groups, between the 1st and the 10th week, we verified that in young soccer players, male, with pre-pubescent ages or before reaching the peak of velocity in height (PVA) the pause by confinement did not represent significant losses in the neuromuscular performance values, that is, in the lateral jump, in the horizontal jump and in the 20 m sprint, suggesting that, even in the absence of an adequate training stimulus, the adaptations related to neuromuscular maturation do happen. being neuromuscular performance not necessarily related to exercise.
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Palavras-chave
Maturação Jogadores de futsal sub11 Desempenho Neuromuscular Lockdown Covid-19 Antropometria Capacidades motoras Destreinamento Maturation Sub11 futsal players Neuromuscular Performance Covid-19 lockdown Anthropometry Motor skills Detraining