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As doenças do comportamento alimentar são uma importante causa de morbilidade e mortalidade em adolescentes e jovens adultos. São caracterizadas por um distúrbio persistente do padrão alimentar ou dos comportamentos associado a este, que resulta numa alteração do consumo ou absorção dos alimentos que limita significativamente o
funcionamento psicossocial e a saúde física do indivíduo.
Os principais fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento destas doenças são a baixa
auto-estima, distorção da imagem corporal, obesidade prévia, disfunção parental, depressão, sexo feminino e idade jovem.
A prevalência em Portugal varia, nos diversos estudos realizados, entre os 0,3% para formas completas e 23,6% para formas parciais em estudantes do ensino básico e secundário.
Programas de prevenção primária de doenças do comportamento alimentar são desde há vários anos recomendados pelas mais diversas sociedades científicas. Mais recentemente têm sido produzidos excelentes resultados na redução dos fatores de risco e na frequência de desenvolvimento de doenças do comportamento alimentar com uma nova geração destas intervenções.
Através do conhecimento produzido na área da prevenção, criámos um programa de prevenção primária, cuja eficácia se pretende ainda comprovar em ambiente escolar, mas cuja utilização como ferramenta de saúde escolar se espera possível num futuro próximo.
The eating disorders are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adolescents and young adults. They are characterized by a persistent disturbance of dietary patterns or behaviors associated with this, which results in a change in consumption or absorption of foods that significantly limits the psychosocial functioning and physical health of the individual. The main risk factors associated with the development of these diseases are low self-esteem, body image distortion, prior obesity, parental dysfunction, depression, female gender and young age. The prevalence in Portugal varies in different studies between 0.3% in complete forms and 23.6% in partial forms in students of middle and high school. Primary prevention programs for eating disorders are recommended now for several years by various scientific societies. More recently, a new generation of these interventions has produced excellent results in reducing risk factors and the frequency of developing eating disorders. We created a program through the knowledge produced in several primary prevention programs, whose effectiveness still needs to be proved in the school environment, but whose use as a school health tool is expected to be possible in a near future.
The eating disorders are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adolescents and young adults. They are characterized by a persistent disturbance of dietary patterns or behaviors associated with this, which results in a change in consumption or absorption of foods that significantly limits the psychosocial functioning and physical health of the individual. The main risk factors associated with the development of these diseases are low self-esteem, body image distortion, prior obesity, parental dysfunction, depression, female gender and young age. The prevalence in Portugal varies in different studies between 0.3% in complete forms and 23.6% in partial forms in students of middle and high school. Primary prevention programs for eating disorders are recommended now for several years by various scientific societies. More recently, a new generation of these interventions has produced excellent results in reducing risk factors and the frequency of developing eating disorders. We created a program through the knowledge produced in several primary prevention programs, whose effectiveness still needs to be proved in the school environment, but whose use as a school health tool is expected to be possible in a near future.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015
Palavras-chave
Doenças do comportamento alimentar Prevenção primária Epidemiologia Factores de risco Saúde escolar Complicações médicas
