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Cervicalgia na aviação militar
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Desde os primórdios da aviação e da conquista do sonho de voar, um imenso desenvolvimento tecnológico permitiu ao Homem deslocar-se longas distâncias, transportar grandes cargas, medir forças em duelos aéreos... O céu não era mais o limite. A cada novo desafio, a aeronave pode ser transformada, porém o homem não. Assim surgiu a Medicina Aeronáutica e o estudo da Fisiologia do Voo. Na tentativa de se igualar esse avanço, estas ciências procuram identificar e minimizar as limitações da condição humana, selecionando e capacitando o indivíduo para o voo.
Entre as principais limitações, a cervicalgia, assume um lugar de destaque, pela facilidade com que pode passar despercebida a um olhar menos atento do médico, sobretudo quando o receio de uma inaptidão para voo impede o tripulante de procurar ajuda.
Neste trabalho procurou-se assim realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a cervicalgia no âmbito da aviação militar. Através da consulta de artigos científicos e manuais alusivos ao tema foi possível obter-se informação sobre a sua fisiopatologia, principais fatores de risco e a sua variação em função do tipo de aeronave tripulada, formas de prevenção e minimização da sintomatologia cervical.
Do estado da arte, pode-se concluir que os pilotos de aeronaves de alta performance reportam sobretudo dor aguda e cujo fator preponderante decorre da exposição à força G, ao contrário dos tripulantes de aeronaves de asa rotativa. Nestes a dor tem um caráter mais crónico, devido à adoção de posturas incorretas, ao longo das várias horas em missões longas e que se alia ainda a carga total de equipamento. Para prevenir e minimizar este problema, as esquadras de voo em colaboração com o médico aeronáutico e restante pessoal de apoio devem apostar cada vez mais numa preparação física pré e pós-voo: em função do tipo de exposição, orientada e supervisionada por especialistas da medicina do exercício, de maneira a não se deixar a sua execução à base de uma gestão individual, mas promovendo um sentido de obrigatoriedade na sua prática.
From the beginning of aviation and the conquest of the dream of flying, an immense technological development allowed Man to travel long distances, to carry great loads, to measure forces in air duels ... The sky was no longer the limit. With each new challenge, the aircraft can be re-transformed, but the man does not. In an attempt to equalize this advance, Aeronautical Medicine and Flight Physiology seek to identify and minimize the limitations of the human condition, selecting and qualifying the pilots for flight. Among the main limitations, neck pain, takes an important part, by the ease with which it can go unnoticed to a less attentive doctor, especially when the fear of grounding may make the pilot avoid clinical help. In this work, a literature search on military aviation neck pain was sought. Through the consultation of scientific articles and manuals allusive to the subject it was possible to obtain information on its pathophysiology; main risk factors and their variation depending on the type of aircraft; prevention and minimization of cervical symptomatology. From the state of the art, it can be concluded that pilots of high performance aircraft report mainly acute pain, whose preponderant factor derives from exposure to G force; in the other hand, in helicopter’s crew, pain is more chronic - due to incorrect postures over the several hours that can last a mission, allied to a high equipment load. In order to prevent and minimizing this problem: flight squadrons in collaboration with the flight surgeon and other health personnel must rely on pre- and post-flight physical preparation: it should be specific to airplane exposure established and guided by an exercise specialist and also, it should be supervised - not letting its execution only for individual management, but to promote a sense of obligatoriness in its practice.
From the beginning of aviation and the conquest of the dream of flying, an immense technological development allowed Man to travel long distances, to carry great loads, to measure forces in air duels ... The sky was no longer the limit. With each new challenge, the aircraft can be re-transformed, but the man does not. In an attempt to equalize this advance, Aeronautical Medicine and Flight Physiology seek to identify and minimize the limitations of the human condition, selecting and qualifying the pilots for flight. Among the main limitations, neck pain, takes an important part, by the ease with which it can go unnoticed to a less attentive doctor, especially when the fear of grounding may make the pilot avoid clinical help. In this work, a literature search on military aviation neck pain was sought. Through the consultation of scientific articles and manuals allusive to the subject it was possible to obtain information on its pathophysiology; main risk factors and their variation depending on the type of aircraft; prevention and minimization of cervical symptomatology. From the state of the art, it can be concluded that pilots of high performance aircraft report mainly acute pain, whose preponderant factor derives from exposure to G force; in the other hand, in helicopter’s crew, pain is more chronic - due to incorrect postures over the several hours that can last a mission, allied to a high equipment load. In order to prevent and minimizing this problem: flight squadrons in collaboration with the flight surgeon and other health personnel must rely on pre- and post-flight physical preparation: it should be specific to airplane exposure established and guided by an exercise specialist and also, it should be supervised - not letting its execution only for individual management, but to promote a sense of obligatoriness in its practice.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2017
Palavras-chave
Cervicalgia Fisiologia de voo Medicina aeronáutica Aviação militar Ortopedia