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Hábitos de sono e estratégias facilitadoras do adormecimento em crianças de idade escolar : estudo com crianças e pais
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Resumo(s)
O sono é uma necessidade básica e um importante determinante do
desenvolvimento físico, cognitivo e emocional da criança.
Este estudo surge da revisão de literatura e da escassa informação sobre as
crenças infantis acerca do sono, surgindo no seguimento da dissertação de Januário
(2012) que destacou a importância das estratégias adormecimento na qualidade de sono
da criança. Deste modo, este estudo visa compreender a forma como as crianças em
idade escolar percebem e reconhecem as estratégias de adormecimento que utilizam e
que significações têm sobre as mesmas.
Assim, a amostra foi recolhida na Escola de Ensino Básico da Flamenga, situada
no Concelho de Loures, e no Externato Champagnat, situado no Concelho de Lisboa.
Numa primeira fase participaram 303 pais, que responderam a um questionário
sociodemográfico, preencheram o Children´s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (Owens,
2000, adaptação portuguesa de Silva, 2011) e o Questionário de Hábitos de Sono,
elaborado para este estudo. Na segunda fase deste estudo, foi aplicado o Sleep Self
Report a todas as crianças sendo que posteriormente foram seleccionadas aleatoriamente
45 crianças a quem foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada que pretendia
compreender quais as estratégias por elas utilizadas para adormecer. Finalmente,
recolheu-se informação sobre as crenças das crianças acerca das estratégias parentais
para a promoção do adormecimento.
Dos resultados, 12% dos pais desta amostra referem acreditar que os seus filhos
têm algum problema de sono, sendo que indicam as 22 horas como média de hora de
deitar e que os seus filhos dormem em média 9 horas por noite. 22% Das crianças
inquiridas consideram ter problemas de sono. Os resultados indicam pouca correlação
entre as respostas de pais e crianças. Enquanto os pais dizem que os seus filhos
raramente procuram suporte na hora de adormecer, a maioria das crianças refere
procurar suporte na hora de adormecer, recorrendo também bastante a estratégias de
distracção e relaxamento. A maioria considera que as melhores estratégias que os pais
poderão empregar se reportam a suporte (e.g. companhia, carinho, levar para a sua
cama) como meio facilitador do adormecimento dos seus filhos.
Sleep is a basic need and is an important determinant of the physical, cognitive and emotional development of children. This study arises from the literature review and the few studies about children's beliefs about sleep, emerging of the study of Januário (2012) which reported the importance of strategies of falling asleep. This study aims to understand how the school-aged children perceive and recognize the strategies they use to fall asleep. Thus, the sample was collected in the Primary School of Flamenga, located in Loures, and Externato Champagnat, located in Lisbon. Initially, in the first phase were involved 303 parents who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (Owens, 2000 Portuguese adaptation of Silva, 2011) and the Sleep Habits Questionnaire, developed for this study. In the second phase of this study, we applied the Sleep Self Report to all children and were subsequently randomly selected 45 children whom we performed a semi - structured interview which was designed to explore what strategies they use for falling asleep. Finally, information was collected on children's beliefs about the parenting strategies for promoting sleep. 12% of the parents indicate that their children have sleep problems, that they sleep 9 hours by night and that the estimated time to go to sleep is 10pm. 22% of the children which were asked, referred that they believe having some kind of sleep problem. The results show little correlation between the answers of parents and children. Most children say they seek support in sleep time, using also quite distraction strategies and relaxation. The majority believes that the best strategies that parents can use report to support (attendance, affection, take to their bed) as a facilitator in falling asleep to their children.
Sleep is a basic need and is an important determinant of the physical, cognitive and emotional development of children. This study arises from the literature review and the few studies about children's beliefs about sleep, emerging of the study of Januário (2012) which reported the importance of strategies of falling asleep. This study aims to understand how the school-aged children perceive and recognize the strategies they use to fall asleep. Thus, the sample was collected in the Primary School of Flamenga, located in Loures, and Externato Champagnat, located in Lisbon. Initially, in the first phase were involved 303 parents who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (Owens, 2000 Portuguese adaptation of Silva, 2011) and the Sleep Habits Questionnaire, developed for this study. In the second phase of this study, we applied the Sleep Self Report to all children and were subsequently randomly selected 45 children whom we performed a semi - structured interview which was designed to explore what strategies they use for falling asleep. Finally, information was collected on children's beliefs about the parenting strategies for promoting sleep. 12% of the parents indicate that their children have sleep problems, that they sleep 9 hours by night and that the estimated time to go to sleep is 10pm. 22% of the children which were asked, referred that they believe having some kind of sleep problem. The results show little correlation between the answers of parents and children. Most children say they seek support in sleep time, using also quite distraction strategies and relaxation. The majority believes that the best strategies that parents can use report to support (attendance, affection, take to their bed) as a facilitator in falling asleep to their children.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica da Saúde e da Doença), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2013
Palavras-chave
Sono infantil Crianças em idade escolar Perturbações do sono Teses de mestrado - 2013