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Publication
A gruta artificial das Lapas (Torres Novas) : contributo para o conhecimento das práticas funerárias dos 4º e 3º milénio a.n.e. na Estremadura Portuguesa
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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho tem como objectivo a análise dos materiais recolhidos durante
as escavações do hipogeu das Lapas, enquadrando o local no panorama das práticas
funerárias do 4º e 3º milénio a.n.e.
Procurou-se ainda reconstituir a estrutura funerária de onde provieram restos
osteológicos humanos e diversos artefactos. No caso de escavações antigas, como é o
caso do hipogeu das Lapas, o recurso aos cadernos de campo e fotografias do arquivo
pessoal de Manuel Heleno, tornaram-se essenciais.
O hipogeu das Lapas foi escavado entre Junho e Setembro de 1935, em Torres
Novas, na pequena freguesia de Lapas. Primeiro pelo Padre E. Jalhay e depois por Manuel
Heleno. Do sepulcro foram exumados seis indivíduos, determinados pelo estudo
antropológico realizado. O conjunto artefactual conta com cerca de 400 elementos. Estão
assim presentes na indústria de pedra lascada, lâminas (elaboradas sobre as técnicas de
pressão e percussão), lamelas, geométricos, uma alabarda e punhais em sílex. Em pedra
polida surge a presença de enxós, machados, um formão, um escopro e uma goiva de
pequenas dimensões. Relativamente aos elementos de adorno, este é um conjunto vasto,
constituído por mais de 200 contas. Existem no conjunto contas de colar elaboradas sobre
concha, azeviche, calcite e calcário detrítico, que demonstram a existência de contactos
com áreas costeiras e conhecimento do ambiente regional onde a necrópole se insere.
Os artefactos votivos representados por placas de xisto e grés, enxó encabada em calcário
e figuras de lagomorfos testemunham contactos com o Alentejo e Estremadura.
Estão presentes dois vasos hemisféricos e dois elípticos. A fraca ocorrência cerâmica
encontra paralelos com os hipogeus Alentejanos. O motivo desta ausência ainda necessita
de ser compreendido.
This study analyzes the materials collected during the excavations of the hypogeum of Lapas, within the context of the funerary practices of the 4th and 3rd millennium B.C.E. Efforts were also made to reconstruct the funerary structure in which the human osteological remains and many artifacts were found. In the case of old excavations, such as the Hypogeum of Lapas, the use of field notes and photographs from the personal archives of Manuel Heleno become essential. The Hypogeum of Lapas was excavated between June and September of 1935, in Torres Novas, in the small town of Lapas. First by Father E. Jalhay and later by Manuel Heleno. Six individuals were exhumed from the grave, as determined by the anthropological study done at the time. The artefactual group has about 400 elements, attesting the presence of the chiped stone industry such as, blades (produced by pressure and percussion 7 techniques), geometric, a halberd and daggers in flint. Among the findings were also artifacts in polished stone, such as, adzes, axes, chisels and a small gouge. In addition to stone artifacts, the collection includes a vast array of ornamental elements, consisting of more than 200 beads. Among them, there are necklace beads made out of shell, jet, calcite and detrital limestone, which demonstrate the existence of contacts with coastal areas and knowledge of the regional environment where the necropolis is located. The votive artifacts represented by shale and sandstone plates, adze encased in limestone and lagomorphs figures testify to contacts with the Alentejo and Estremadura. Two hemispheric vessels and two elliptic ones are also present in the array. The scarcity of ceramic artifacts finds parallels with the hypogeums in Alentejo. The reason for this absence is still unknown.
This study analyzes the materials collected during the excavations of the hypogeum of Lapas, within the context of the funerary practices of the 4th and 3rd millennium B.C.E. Efforts were also made to reconstruct the funerary structure in which the human osteological remains and many artifacts were found. In the case of old excavations, such as the Hypogeum of Lapas, the use of field notes and photographs from the personal archives of Manuel Heleno become essential. The Hypogeum of Lapas was excavated between June and September of 1935, in Torres Novas, in the small town of Lapas. First by Father E. Jalhay and later by Manuel Heleno. Six individuals were exhumed from the grave, as determined by the anthropological study done at the time. The artefactual group has about 400 elements, attesting the presence of the chiped stone industry such as, blades (produced by pressure and percussion 7 techniques), geometric, a halberd and daggers in flint. Among the findings were also artifacts in polished stone, such as, adzes, axes, chisels and a small gouge. In addition to stone artifacts, the collection includes a vast array of ornamental elements, consisting of more than 200 beads. Among them, there are necklace beads made out of shell, jet, calcite and detrital limestone, which demonstrate the existence of contacts with coastal areas and knowledge of the regional environment where the necropolis is located. The votive artifacts represented by shale and sandstone plates, adze encased in limestone and lagomorphs figures testify to contacts with the Alentejo and Estremadura. Two hemispheric vessels and two elliptic ones are also present in the array. The scarcity of ceramic artifacts finds parallels with the hypogeums in Alentejo. The reason for this absence is still unknown.
Description
Keywords
Monumentos funerários - Lapas (Torres Novas, Portugal) Lapas (Torres Novas, Portugal) - Vestígios arqueológicos pré-históricos Calcolítico - Portugal Neolítico - Portugal Ritos e cerimónias fúnebres pré-históricas - Lapas (Torres Novas, Portugal) Teses de mestrado - 2016