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A importância da matriz extra-celular nas doenças associadas ao HPV
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A matriz extra-celular (MEC) é descrita como o componente não celular dos vários tecidos constituintes do nosso organismo, é o elemento que mantém uma estrutura bioquímica capaz de manter a organização e arquitetura dos constituintes celulares, desses tecidos. Sabe-se hoje que representa uma entidade dinâmica e ativa do tecido vivo, responsável pela comunicação, adesão e proliferação celular. Por sua vez, a infeção por Papilomavírus humano (HPV) é a doença sexualmente transmissível mais comum e este vírus é um agente etiológico precursor de tumores epiteliais e glandulares. O subtipo 16 (HPV16), causador de infeções, nomeadamente na área genital, orofaríngea e anal é a principal causa de lesões pré-malignas e cancros nestes tecidos. Este trabalho vai incidir sobre a infeção causada pelo HPV, com o objetivo de compreender o papel da MEC e dos seus componentes na invasão, disseminação e patogénese dos tumores associados a este vírus. Foi feita uma revisão da literatura, com um total de 41 referências bibliográficas publicadas até Março de 2021, recolhidas através de 2 bases de dados (PubMed e Google Scholar). Efetivamente, o cancro deixou de ser considerado uma patologia explicada apenas pelo descontrolo da proliferação e apoptose, mas também pela desregulação do microambiente. O conhecimento aprofundado da dinâmica da MEC e da complexidade das suas vias de sinalização relacionadas com o comportamento maligno da célula são pontos fulcrais e muito promissores, nomeadamente no desenvolvimento de terapias dirigidas ao alvo.
The extra-cellular matrix (ECM) is described as the non-cellular component of the various tissues of our organism, and it is the element that maintains a biochemical structure capable of maintaining the organization and architecture of the tissue constituents. It is known today that it represents a dynamic and active entity of the living tissue, responsible for communication, adhesion and cellular proliferation. In turn, human Papillomavirus infection (HPV) is the principle etiological agent of the most common sexually transmitted disease, and it is a virus that can cause precursor lesions of epithelial and glandular tumors. The type 16 (HPV16), which causes anal, oral, pharyngeal and anogenital infections, is the main cause of pre-malignant lesions and invasive cancers in these tissues. This work will focus on HPV infection, in order to understand the role of ECM and its components in invasion, spread and pathogenesis of tumors and its precursor lesions caused by that virus. A literature review was performed, with a total of 41 references published up to March 2021, collected through 2 databases (PubMed and Google Scholar). In fact, cancer is no longer considered a pathology explained only by uncontrolled proliferation and apoptosis, but also by the deregulation of the microenvironment. The in-depth knowledge of ECM dynamics and the complexity of its signaling pathways related to the malignant behavior of the cell are central and very promising points, namely in the development of new targeted therapies.
The extra-cellular matrix (ECM) is described as the non-cellular component of the various tissues of our organism, and it is the element that maintains a biochemical structure capable of maintaining the organization and architecture of the tissue constituents. It is known today that it represents a dynamic and active entity of the living tissue, responsible for communication, adhesion and cellular proliferation. In turn, human Papillomavirus infection (HPV) is the principle etiological agent of the most common sexually transmitted disease, and it is a virus that can cause precursor lesions of epithelial and glandular tumors. The type 16 (HPV16), which causes anal, oral, pharyngeal and anogenital infections, is the main cause of pre-malignant lesions and invasive cancers in these tissues. This work will focus on HPV infection, in order to understand the role of ECM and its components in invasion, spread and pathogenesis of tumors and its precursor lesions caused by that virus. A literature review was performed, with a total of 41 references published up to March 2021, collected through 2 databases (PubMed and Google Scholar). In fact, cancer is no longer considered a pathology explained only by uncontrolled proliferation and apoptosis, but also by the deregulation of the microenvironment. The in-depth knowledge of ECM dynamics and the complexity of its signaling pathways related to the malignant behavior of the cell are central and very promising points, namely in the development of new targeted therapies.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021
Palavras-chave
Matriz extra-celular Papilomavírus humano Proteoglicanos de Sulfato de Heparano Metaloproteinases Colagénios Heparanase