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As imagens metafóricas da campanha política e dos candidatos às eleições presidenciais americanas de 2008: abordagem cognitiva
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A presente dissertação sobre as imagens metafóricas da campanha política e dos
candidatos às eleições presidenciais americanas de 2008, presentes nos media
americanos, e particularmente em páginas na internet, tem por suporte empírico um
corpus de 30 excertos de notícias publicadas no semestre que antecedeu as eleições
presidenciais americanas de 2008. É objectivo geral do estudo aplicar a Linguística
Cognitiva a um corpus de revistas e jornais americanos, com o intuito de investigar
quais os mapeamentos vigentes entre os domínios da experiência e o domínio do
discurso político, evidenciando a operacionalidade da abordagem cognitiva no estudo da
construção das notícias nos media.
Um estudo desta natureza passa necessariamente pela identificação das
metáforas conceptuais que superintendem as diversas realizações metafóricas, bem
como dos respectivos mapeamentos que as viabilizam, visando aquilatar a panóplia de
imagens constantes do corpus. A abordagem escolhida insere-se no âmbito da
Linguística Cognitiva, um paradigma relativamente recente, que perspectiva a
linguagem como veículo de conhecimento e de conexão com a experiência humana no
mundo, no seio da qual as unidades e as estruturas da linguagem são enquadradas social
e culturalmente e não abordadas como unidades autónomas. O presente estudo tem
como suporte a teoria da metáfora conceptual, com especial destaque para
Lakoff/Johnson (1980) e Lakoff (1987, 1993). Na base do postulado geral de que o
nosso pensamento é metáforico, logo o discurso político, parte integrante do domínio
social, também é concebido e construído metaforicamente.
Assim sendo, enveredamos por um estudo qualitativo das metáforas na base do
qual se pretende desconstruir as metáforas conceptuais e os respectivos mapeamentos, a
fim de identificar os modelos culturais que lhes estão subjacentes, sendo que realizamos
igualmente um estudo quantitativo de modo a determinar o peso que certas imagens têm
no contexto político-cultural dos Estados Unidos. Deste modo, pretendemos observar
em que medida as representações mentais se reflectem nas práticas discursivas e sociais.
A análise das represantações metafóricas do nosso corpus visa ainda descortinar
o peso das metáforas convencionalizadas relativamente à construção de metáforas
4
criativas, o que nos permitirá retirar algumas conclusões acerca do modus operandi
jornalístico, no contexto da campanha eleitoral para as presidenciais 2008.
Abstract: The present dissertation consists of a corpus of 30 excerpts of published news during the semester before the american presidential elections of 2008, as presented in the american press, and particularly in pages on the net. The general aim of this study is to apply Cognitive Linguistics in a corpus of published news in order to investigate the mappings between the experience domains and the domain of political discourse, proving the operational function of the cognitive approach in the study of the construction of published news by the media. The identification both of master conceptual metaphors and thereof resulting metaphorical realizations aims to determine the function of metaphor in the political context. Working within the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics, a relatively new field of linguistic studies, where language is perceived as a means of knowledge and in connection with the human experience, we proceed to analyse the units and structures of the language when adapted socially and culturally, and not as autonomous units. The present study is based on the theory of conceptual metaphor developed mainly by Lakoff/Johnson (1980) and Lakoff (1987, 1993). Based on the general postulate, i.e., that our way of thinking is metaphorical, politics, being an important part of the social aspect, might as well be perceived and constructed metaphorically. Taking this into account, we are led into a qualitative study of metaphors on the base of which we intend to deconstruct the conceptual metaphors and their respective mappings, in order to identify the underlying cultural models, running at the same time a quantitative analysis, in order to determine the importance of certain images in the political-cultural context of the United States. Through this, we pretend to figure out the manner in which the mental representations are reflected in social and discursive practices. The analysis of the metaphorical representations in our corpus will as well explore the importance of conventionalized metaphors in relation to the creative ones, in order to let us reach some conclusions about the jouyrnalistic “modus operandi”, within the context of the presidential elections of 2008.
Abstract: The present dissertation consists of a corpus of 30 excerpts of published news during the semester before the american presidential elections of 2008, as presented in the american press, and particularly in pages on the net. The general aim of this study is to apply Cognitive Linguistics in a corpus of published news in order to investigate the mappings between the experience domains and the domain of political discourse, proving the operational function of the cognitive approach in the study of the construction of published news by the media. The identification both of master conceptual metaphors and thereof resulting metaphorical realizations aims to determine the function of metaphor in the political context. Working within the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics, a relatively new field of linguistic studies, where language is perceived as a means of knowledge and in connection with the human experience, we proceed to analyse the units and structures of the language when adapted socially and culturally, and not as autonomous units. The present study is based on the theory of conceptual metaphor developed mainly by Lakoff/Johnson (1980) and Lakoff (1987, 1993). Based on the general postulate, i.e., that our way of thinking is metaphorical, politics, being an important part of the social aspect, might as well be perceived and constructed metaphorically. Taking this into account, we are led into a qualitative study of metaphors on the base of which we intend to deconstruct the conceptual metaphors and their respective mappings, in order to identify the underlying cultural models, running at the same time a quantitative analysis, in order to determine the importance of certain images in the political-cultural context of the United States. Through this, we pretend to figure out the manner in which the mental representations are reflected in social and discursive practices. The analysis of the metaphorical representations in our corpus will as well explore the importance of conventionalized metaphors in relation to the creative ones, in order to let us reach some conclusions about the jouyrnalistic “modus operandi”, within the context of the presidential elections of 2008.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Tradução, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2011
Palavras-chave
Língua inglesa Linguagem política Análise de discurso Metáfora Publicações electrónicas Campanhas eleitorais - Estados Unidos da América - 2008 Presidentes - Estados Unidos da América - 2008 Linguística cognitiva Teses de mestrado - 2011