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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Na presente dissertação, inicialmente apresentamos uma (re) leitura crítica das considerações históricas acerca da questão migratória e traçamos uma linha cronológica da idade média até a idade moderna sobre os deslocamentos forçados de pessoas em decorrência de conflitos bélicos, dentre outros motivos, e buscamos discorrer como esse fenômeno se constitui como um dos dramas mais impactantes da história da humanidade.
No segundo momento discutiu-se os contornos políticos e jurídicos associados ao acordo de paz de Vestfália de 1648, o princípio embrionário de soberania territorial que se tornou o conceito fundador do Estado-nação. Ainda assim, a base lógica política e jurídica fundamental do sistema de Estados-nações é a soberania territorial, mesmo que compreendida de forma complexa e articulada de modo delicado em cenários pós-imperiais específicos. Em consequência, a existência de uma sociedade internacional refere-se à cooperação para o funcionamento de instituições que atuam na criação do direito internacional.
Nesse sentido, no terceiro capítulo apresentou-se o surgimento das normas internacionais de controle das migrações internacionais, assim, surgem os Estados promulgando e implementando as legislações que tem como escopo regulamentar os seguintes aspectos da relação cidadão-estrangeiro/Estado nacional, bem como, a entrada, a permanência, a saída compulsória do território nacional e a aquisição de nacionalidade.
Na sequência tratamos sobre as migrações contemporâneas que apesar dos refugiados e imigrantes serem grupos dirigidos por quadros jurídicos apartados, ambos têm os mesmos direitos humanos universais e liberdades fundamentais. Incluiu-se nesse debate o princípio do non-refoulement (não-devolução) que o princípio fundante de todo o sistema de proteção dos refugiados, e manifestada essencialmente que um indivíduo perseguido não pode ser devolvido ao seu perseguidor.
No último momento fizemos uma abordagem histórica acerca dos Instrumentos jurídicos de proteção aos migrantes e refugiados
In this dissertation, we initially present a critical (re) reading of historical considerations about the migratory issue and we draw a chronological line from the middle ages to the modern age on the forced displacement of people as a result of war conflicts, among other reasons, and we seek to discuss how this phenomenon constitutes one of the most striking dramas in human history. In the second moment, the political and legal contours associated with the Westphalia peace agreement of 1648 were discussed, the embryonic principle of territorial sovereignty that became the founding concept of the nation-state. Still, the fundamental political and legal rationale of the nation-state system is territorial sovereignty, even if it is understood in a complex and delicate manner in specific post-imperial settings. As a result, the existence of an international society refers to cooperation for the functioning of institutions that operate in the creation of international law. In this sense, in the third chapter, the emergence of international norms for the control of international migration was presented, thus, States appear promulgating and implementing laws that aim to regulate the following aspects of the citizen-foreigner/national state, as well as, entry, permanence, compulsory departure from national territory and acquisition of nationality. In the sequence, we deal with contemporary migrations that although refugees and immigrants are groups led by separate legal frameworks, both have the same universal human rights and fundamental freedoms. Included in this debate was the principle of non-refoulement, which is the founding principle of the entire refugee protection system, and it is essentially stated that a persecuted individual cannot be returned to his persecutor. At the last moment, we took a historical approach to the legal instruments for the protection of migrants and refugees.
In this dissertation, we initially present a critical (re) reading of historical considerations about the migratory issue and we draw a chronological line from the middle ages to the modern age on the forced displacement of people as a result of war conflicts, among other reasons, and we seek to discuss how this phenomenon constitutes one of the most striking dramas in human history. In the second moment, the political and legal contours associated with the Westphalia peace agreement of 1648 were discussed, the embryonic principle of territorial sovereignty that became the founding concept of the nation-state. Still, the fundamental political and legal rationale of the nation-state system is territorial sovereignty, even if it is understood in a complex and delicate manner in specific post-imperial settings. As a result, the existence of an international society refers to cooperation for the functioning of institutions that operate in the creation of international law. In this sense, in the third chapter, the emergence of international norms for the control of international migration was presented, thus, States appear promulgating and implementing laws that aim to regulate the following aspects of the citizen-foreigner/national state, as well as, entry, permanence, compulsory departure from national territory and acquisition of nationality. In the sequence, we deal with contemporary migrations that although refugees and immigrants are groups led by separate legal frameworks, both have the same universal human rights and fundamental freedoms. Included in this debate was the principle of non-refoulement, which is the founding principle of the entire refugee protection system, and it is essentially stated that a persecuted individual cannot be returned to his persecutor. At the last moment, we took a historical approach to the legal instruments for the protection of migrants and refugees.
Description
Keywords
Direito internacional ONU Migração Paz de Vestfália Convenção de Genebra Refugiados Teses de mestrado - 2021