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A saúde mental de pais e mães de crianças surdas : stresse parental e perceção das dificuldades das crianças
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O presente estudo incide na população de pais/mães ouvintes de crianças surdas entre os cinco e os dez anos, e visa compreender os fatores determinantes do stresse parental e dos problemas socioemocionais e comportamentais das crianças. Para satisfazer este propósito, traduziu-se e adaptou-se o Communicative Competence Indicator (Hintermair, 2015) e construiu-se uma escala acerca dos recursos pessoais e sociais disponibilizados à população de cuidadores ouvintes de crianças surdas. Participaram no estudo 44 mães e 31 pais de crianças com diferentes graus de surdez, e 54 mães e 22 pais de crianças ouvintes. Além das escalas supracitadas, utilizou-se o Índice de Stresse Parental – versão reduzida (Santos, 2008), o Questionário de Capacidades e de Dificuldades (Fleitlich, Loureiro, Fonseca, & Gaspar, 2005), a Escala de Autoeficácia Geral (Araújo & Moura, 2011) e a Escala de Provisões Sociais (Moreira & Canaipa, 2007). Nos resultados salienta-se que o grau de surdez da criança e a autoeficácia dos cuidadores corresponderam a preditores negativos do stresse parental, ao passo que os problemas socioemocionais e comportamentais das crianças e o uso de implante coclear foram preditores positivos do stresse parental. Já o sexo feminino e a idade da criança apresentaram-se como preditores positivos dos problemas socioemocionais e comportamentais das crianças, enquanto os recursos pessoais específicos dos cuidadores associados à parentalidade de uma criança surda foram preditores negativos da prevalência de problemas. Não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre os pais e as mães de crianças surdas relativamente aos níveis de stresse parental e à perceção de dificuldades na criança. Contudo, os cuidadores de crianças surdas apresentaram níveis de stresse significativamente superiores por comparação com os cuidadores de crianças ouvintes em dois domínios do stresse parental. Por outro lado, não diferiram na perceção de problemas socioemocionais e comportamentais nas crianças. Foram apresentadas hipóteses explicativas dos resultados e as respetivas implicações para a investigação e para o contexto prático.
This study focuses on the population of hearing parents of deaf children between the ages of five and ten years old, and aims to understand the determinants of parenting stress and socioemotional and behavioral problems in children. To fulfill this purpose, the Communicative Competence Indicator (Hintermair, 2015) was translated and adapted, and a scale was constructed on the personal and social resources available to the population of hearing caregivers of deaf children. Overall 44 mothers and 31 fathers of children with different degrees of deafness, and 54 mothers and 22 fathers of hearing children participated in the study. In addition to the aforementioned scales, the Parenting Stress Index – short version (Santos, 2008), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Fleitlich, Loureiro, Fonseca, & Gaspar, 2005), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Araújo & Moura, 2011), and the Social Provisions Scale (Moreira & Canaipa, 2007) were used. The results show that children’ s degree of deafness and parent’s self-efficacy corresponded to negative predictors of parenting stress, whereas children’s socioemotional and behavioral problems and the use of cochlear implants were positive predictors of parenting stress. The female gender and the child's age were positive predictors of children’s socioemotional and behavioral problems, while parent’s specific personal resources associated with the parenting of a deaf child were negative predictors of problems’ prevalence. There were no significant differences between the parents and the mothers of deaf children regarding levels of parenting stress and perceived difficulties in the child. However, caregivers of deaf children presented significantly higher stress levels than caregivers of hearing children in two domains of parenting stress. On the other hand, they did not differ in the perception of children’s socioemotional and behavioral problems. Explanatory hypotheses of the results and their implications for research and the practical context were presented.
This study focuses on the population of hearing parents of deaf children between the ages of five and ten years old, and aims to understand the determinants of parenting stress and socioemotional and behavioral problems in children. To fulfill this purpose, the Communicative Competence Indicator (Hintermair, 2015) was translated and adapted, and a scale was constructed on the personal and social resources available to the population of hearing caregivers of deaf children. Overall 44 mothers and 31 fathers of children with different degrees of deafness, and 54 mothers and 22 fathers of hearing children participated in the study. In addition to the aforementioned scales, the Parenting Stress Index – short version (Santos, 2008), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Fleitlich, Loureiro, Fonseca, & Gaspar, 2005), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Araújo & Moura, 2011), and the Social Provisions Scale (Moreira & Canaipa, 2007) were used. The results show that children’ s degree of deafness and parent’s self-efficacy corresponded to negative predictors of parenting stress, whereas children’s socioemotional and behavioral problems and the use of cochlear implants were positive predictors of parenting stress. The female gender and the child's age were positive predictors of children’s socioemotional and behavioral problems, while parent’s specific personal resources associated with the parenting of a deaf child were negative predictors of problems’ prevalence. There were no significant differences between the parents and the mothers of deaf children regarding levels of parenting stress and perceived difficulties in the child. However, caregivers of deaf children presented significantly higher stress levels than caregivers of hearing children in two domains of parenting stress. On the other hand, they did not differ in the perception of children’s socioemotional and behavioral problems. Explanatory hypotheses of the results and their implications for research and the practical context were presented.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicoterapia Cognitivo-Comportamental e Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2019
Palavras-chave
Crianças surdas Saúde mental Recursos sociais Recursos próprios Teses de mestrado - 2019