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Abstract(s)
A responsabilidade de proteger, ou R2P, é o compromisso da comunidade
internacional em proteger populações a todo momento e em todo lugar das quatro
atrocidades que mais chocam a consciência humana: o genocídio, os crimes contra a
humanidade, os crimes de guerra e a limpeza étnica. Ao mesmo tempo, a crise na Venezuela
é prova de que a R2P ainda não alcançou seu objetivo. O regime de Nicolás Maduro emprega
alguns dos crimes mais chocantes, como execuções extrajudiciais, tortura e estupro, de forma
sistemática e generalizada contra grupos da população civil que identifica como seus
opositores para manter o poder. Esta investigação parte, portanto, do questionamento sobre
de qual forma e com que eficácia o Estado venezuelano e a comunidade internacional estão
colaborando e cumprindo a responsabilidade de proteger para averiguar a hipótese de que
nenhum país envolvido está cumprindo sua responsabilidade, numa postura de reação tardia
em vez de prevenção. Esta dissertação parte da perspectiva idealista utópica para fazer uma
análise reflexivista e interpretativista de fontes primárias e secundárias na busca de entender
os interesses envolvidos e mapear as ações já tomadas. Concluímos que o Estado venezuelano
não só está manifestamente falhando, como é o principal perpetrador de atrocidades, ao
mesmo tempo em que divisões na comunidade internacional impedem que ela cumpra sua
R2P. Por fim, propomos caminhos para o avanço da R2P no sistema interamericano e para a
proteção humana na Venezuela.
The responsibility to protect, or R2P, is the commitment by the international community to protect populations at all times and everywhere from the four atrocities that most shock human consciousness: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the ethnic cleansing. At the same time, the crisis in Venezuela is proof that R2P has not yet reached its goal. Nicolás Maduro's regime employs some of the most shocking crimes, such as extrajudicial executions, torture and rape, in a systematic and widespread manner against civilian groups that it identifies as the opposition for maintaining power. Thus, this investigation starts from the question of how and how effectively the Venezuelan State and the international community are collaborating and fulfilling the responsibility to protect to ascertain the hypothesis that no country involved is fulfilling its responsibility, in a posture of late reaction instead of prevention. This dissertation starts from the utopian idealist perspective to make a reflexive and interpretative analysis of primary and secondary sources in order to understand the interests involved and map the actions already taken. We conclude that the Venezuelan state is not only manifestly failing, but is the main perpetrator of atrocities, while divisions in the international community prevent it from fulfilling its R2P. Finally, we propose ways to the advancement of R2P in the Inter-American System and to human protection in Venezuela.
The responsibility to protect, or R2P, is the commitment by the international community to protect populations at all times and everywhere from the four atrocities that most shock human consciousness: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the ethnic cleansing. At the same time, the crisis in Venezuela is proof that R2P has not yet reached its goal. Nicolás Maduro's regime employs some of the most shocking crimes, such as extrajudicial executions, torture and rape, in a systematic and widespread manner against civilian groups that it identifies as the opposition for maintaining power. Thus, this investigation starts from the question of how and how effectively the Venezuelan State and the international community are collaborating and fulfilling the responsibility to protect to ascertain the hypothesis that no country involved is fulfilling its responsibility, in a posture of late reaction instead of prevention. This dissertation starts from the utopian idealist perspective to make a reflexive and interpretative analysis of primary and secondary sources in order to understand the interests involved and map the actions already taken. We conclude that the Venezuelan state is not only manifestly failing, but is the main perpetrator of atrocities, while divisions in the international community prevent it from fulfilling its R2P. Finally, we propose ways to the advancement of R2P in the Inter-American System and to human protection in Venezuela.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais
Keywords
Venezuela Responsabilidade de proteger Crimes de atrocidade Crimes contra a humanidade Direitos humanos Venezuela Responsibility to protect Mass atrocity crimes Crimes against humanity Human rights
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas