| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.63 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Este trabalho visou estudar a viabilidade do uso de matérias-primas renováveis e de elevada disponibilidade oriundas do sector hortícola, na formulação de substratos alternativos para germinação de sementes em viveiros.
Utilizaram-se como matérias-primas os subprodutos das culturas de Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomate), de Curcubita pepo L., (aboborinha), de Allium cepa L. (cebola) e da Brassica oleracea L. var italica Plenk (couve-brócolo). Germinaram-se sementes de sete espécies das principais famílias de hortícolas (alface, couve-brócolo, espinafre, tomate, meloa, salsa, coentro) em misturas de turfa e subproduto hortícola. As misturas tiveram diferentes proporções (6%, 12,5%, 25%, 37,5% e 50%) das matérias-primas, previamente desidratadas, trituradas e descontaminadas. A turfa e a fibra de coco foram utilizadas como controlo.
A adição à turfa dos subprodutos que continham muito tecido foliar originou uma redução da germinação e crescimento das plantas de 80-100%, aspeto mais acentuado quando houve substituição superior a 25%. Esta inibição de germinação e de crescimento poderá estar associada ao aumento da retenção de água disponível, à libertação de compostos presentes nestes órgãos e eventualmente a alguma fitotoxicidade de algum nutriente.
Nas espécies germinadas, o crescimento das plantas nas misturas feitas com caules de tomate foi igual, ou superior, ao crescimento observado no controlo. Assim, no tomateiro germinaram 8 sementes em 10 possíveis, germinando no controlo 9 sementes em 10 possíveis. Na cultura da meloa, germinaram 6 em 10 possíveis e no controlo germinaram 5 em 10 possíveis, demonstrando assim estes subprodutos serem uma alternativa viável e mais sustentável do que o substrato comercial comumente utilizado. A fertilização só foi aplicada de forma pontual, não influenciando os resultados obtidos.
Os subprodutos oriundos da cultura do tomate demonstraram ser substitutos parciais da turfa, podendo ser utilizados na formulação de substratos para germinação em viveiros de hortícolas, desde que não seja degradada a estrutura do alvéolo.
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using renewable raw materials with high availability from horticultural production in the formulation of alternative substrates for seed germination in nurseries. The raw materials used were by-products from the cultivation of Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato), Cucurbita pepo L. (zucchini), Allium cepa L. (onion), and Brassica oleracea L. var italica Plenk (broccoli). Seeds from seven species of the main horticultural families (lettuce, broccoli, spinach, tomato, melon, parsley, cilantro) were germinated in peat mixtures. The mixtures contained different proportions (6%, 12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, and 50%) of the raw materials, which were previously dehydrated, crushed, and decontaminated. Peat and coconut fiber were used as controls. The addition of peat with by-products more abundant in leaf tissue resulted in an 80-100% reduction in germination and growth of the plants, which was more pronounced at substitution rates above 25%. This germination and growth inhibition may be associated with an increase in available water retention, the release of compounds present in these organs, and possibly some phytotoxicity of certain nutrients. In the seven germinated species, the growth of plants in mixtures using tomato stems was similar or greater than the growth observed in the control substrate. Germination rates for the tomato species were 8 germinations out of 10 possible, while the control had 9 out of 10 germinations. In melon cultivation, 6 out of 10 possible germinations occurred, compared to 5 out of 10 in the control, thus demonstrating that these by-products are a viable and more sustainable alternative to the commercially used substrate. Fertilization was only applied sporadically, not influencing the obtained results. By-products from tomato cultivation proved to be partial substitutes for peat and can be used in formulations of substrates for germination in horticultural nurseries, provided that the structure of the compartment is not compromised.
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using renewable raw materials with high availability from horticultural production in the formulation of alternative substrates for seed germination in nurseries. The raw materials used were by-products from the cultivation of Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato), Cucurbita pepo L. (zucchini), Allium cepa L. (onion), and Brassica oleracea L. var italica Plenk (broccoli). Seeds from seven species of the main horticultural families (lettuce, broccoli, spinach, tomato, melon, parsley, cilantro) were germinated in peat mixtures. The mixtures contained different proportions (6%, 12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, and 50%) of the raw materials, which were previously dehydrated, crushed, and decontaminated. Peat and coconut fiber were used as controls. The addition of peat with by-products more abundant in leaf tissue resulted in an 80-100% reduction in germination and growth of the plants, which was more pronounced at substitution rates above 25%. This germination and growth inhibition may be associated with an increase in available water retention, the release of compounds present in these organs, and possibly some phytotoxicity of certain nutrients. In the seven germinated species, the growth of plants in mixtures using tomato stems was similar or greater than the growth observed in the control substrate. Germination rates for the tomato species were 8 germinations out of 10 possible, while the control had 9 out of 10 germinations. In melon cultivation, 6 out of 10 possible germinations occurred, compared to 5 out of 10 in the control, thus demonstrating that these by-products are a viable and more sustainable alternative to the commercially used substrate. Fertilization was only applied sporadically, not influencing the obtained results. By-products from tomato cultivation proved to be partial substitutes for peat and can be used in formulations of substrates for germination in horticultural nurseries, provided that the structure of the compartment is not compromised.
Description
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica especialização em Engenharia Rural / Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa
Keywords
resíduos hortícolas meio de germinação turfa propagação em viveiro propagação em viveiro circularidade horticultural waste germination medium peat nursery propagation circularity
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Bernardino, J.C.M.P. Utilização de subprodutos de culturas hortícolas em substratos para sementeira. Lisboa: ISA, 2024, 86 p. Dissertação de Mestrado
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa